This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of dermoscopy and the integration of artificial intelligence within clinical practice, specifically addressing early skin cancer detection in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Given that skin lesions remained among the top three oncological pathologies in the country between 2012 and 2022, objective screening is now a national priority. The study involved a multi-stage search across international repositories, resulting in a selection of twenty-six representative sources, including randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses.

The findings trace the methodological transformation from the qualitative scales of the 1990s to the current era of digital dominance. Contemporary data confirm the technological superiority of convolutional neural networks, which demonstrate area under the curve values ranging from 0.86 to 0.99, often exceeding expert performance. While early observations focused on morphological structures, the current focus has shifted toward deep learning and total digital monitoring, despite persistent risks associated with real-world artifacts and out-of-distribution data.

The analysis confirms a paradigm shift toward hybrid intelligent systems. In Kazakhstan, this process is supported by national strategic concepts and the Law on Artificial Intelligence, integrated into the 2026 health legislation. However, implementation at the primary healthcare level requires overcoming the lack of local datasets that account for regional skin phototypes. This study establishes a roadmap for technology integration, emphasizing that clinical validation and international cooperation are vital factors for improving patient survival rates during medical digital transformation.

Aim. To analyze current data on the frequency of consumption of various food groups by adolescents aged 15-17 years, as well as to assess their level of awareness of the principles of healthy eating and its impact on health.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of foreign and domestic publications from sources indexed in databases such as eLibrary, CyberLeninka, GoogleScholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Search keywords included: adolescents, healthy eating, eating habits, sweetened beverages, food hygiene, fast food, awareness, and hygiene assessment. The inclusion criteria for publications included relevant studies from the past 10 years, including clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and books and documents in the public domain. Exclusion criteria included newspaper articles and studies without statistically supported conclusions.

Quantitative data on socioeconomic and medical indicators, as well as qualitative data (results from surveys, questionnaires, etc.), were analyzed. Variables (norms, morbidity rates) related to adolescent health were extracted from statistical data collections «Health of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Activities of Healthcare Organizations» and regulatory documents.

Results and discussion. Adolescents aged 15-17 exhibit dietary imbalances (excess fast food, high consumption of fats and fast carbohydrates, and a deficiency of fruits, vegetables, and protein foods), as well as low awareness of healthy eating principles. This leads to an increase in non-communicable diseases, in particular: obesity, type 2 diabetes, anemia, and musculoskeletal disorders.

Conclusions. The data obtained during the study confirm the relevance of systematic monitoring of the nutrition of adolescents aged 15-17, especially in the context of the influence of digital media and declining parental control. A review of published data revealed that today’s 15- to 17-year-old adolescents have unbalanced diets and low awareness of healthy eating. Schools can serve as entry points for implementing food literacy programs to help adolescents develop healthy eating habits.

Introduction. Chronic diffuse liver diseases (CDLD), including non-alcoholic and metabolically associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), remain the leading cause of liver failure, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The increasing incidence of these diseases requires not only effective clinical approaches but also systematic patient monitoring.

Aim. To study the role of medical registries in monitoring, diagnosing, and treating patients with chronic diffuse liver diseases, and to evaluate international experience in this area.

Materials and methods. A review of domestic and international sources was conducted, including clinical guidelines (AASLD, EASL, KASL), epidemiological studies, and descriptions of the functioning of large registries (TARGET-LD, Global Liver Registry, DELIVER, MAFLD Registry, PBC Registry). A literature search was conducted for the period from 2018 to 2025 in international scientific databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, as well as in the Wiley, Springer, Elsevier, and Karger online libraries and on the official websites of relevant organizations (EASL, AASLD, KASL, WHO).

Results and discussion. Registers provide centralized data collection on patients with chronic kidney disease, facilitate standardized diagnostics, assess treatment effectiveness, stratify risks, and generate an evidence base for clinical decisions. International experience demonstrates the significant importance of such systems for developing national healthcare strategies. However, the lack of uniform standards and funding are particularly acute in resource-limited countries, leading to data fragmentation and the impossibility of conducting comparable studies.

Conclusion. The creation of national registries of patients with chronic diffuse liver disease in Kazakhstan and other CIS countries will significantly improve the quality of medical care, ensure a multidisciplinary approach, and increase the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment at all stages.

Inclusive healthcare is currently an important direction in public health. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are widespread conditions that include more than 150 diseases of bones, joints, muscles, and connective tissues. At present, MSDs are considered one of the key areas of public health, as they reduce working capacity and lead to significant socio-economic losses.

According to global studies, musculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent. Approximately 1.71 billion people worldwide live with these conditions, accounting for up to 17% of all years lived with disability. Low back pain alone affects around 570 million people; therefore, these conditions are currently among the leading causes of disability worldwide.

The direction outlined in the Concept for the Development of an Inclusive Society until 2030 in Kazakhstan provides for a transition from a medical-social model to a social-rights model. This implies recognizing persons with disabilities as full members of society and eliminating all barriers that hinder their participation in public life.

In order to identify problems related to the health status of people with musculoskeletal disorders and to determine research aimed at improving their quality of life, a comprehensive literature search was conducted. The analysis included international and national publications from MEDLINE, Scopus and PubMed, as well as articles from peer-reviewed scientific journals.

The search used the keywords: inclusion, quality of life, people with musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), health factors, determinants, public health. More than 200 publications were identified. The search covered the period 2017 – 2025, including materials in Kazakh, Russian, and English. Based on this, 50 scientific articles were selected for analysis.

Thus, current scientific evidence indicates that musculoskeletal disorders should be considered not only as a clinical and medical issue, but also as a complex public health challenge requiring socially oriented approaches to the development of inclusive healthcare and the improvement of quality of life for this population group.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common oncological diseases worldwide, characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. With the advancement of modern technologies, new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors are being actively developed across the globe. The development and implementation of minimally invasive diagnostic methods, as well as tools for early disease detection, represent key objectives in contemporary oncology.

Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in the minimally invasive liquid biopsy technology, which is based on the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in biological fluids. This method, allowing for the assessment of ctDNA level dynamics, contributes to improving diagnostic accuracy and selecting more effective treatment strategies. Moreover, ctDNA enables the timely detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) and the prevention of disease recurrence.

Modern analytical techniques such as digital PCR (dPCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) ensure rapid and precise detection of driver mutations. Analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic studies in CRC demonstrates that ctDNA is among the most significant biomarkers. Promising evidence suggests that ctDNA may serve as a potential tool for CRC screening, although further validation is still required. The implementation of this method into clinical practice will enable preventive and personalized treatment approaches, which, in turn, may reduce disease incidence and mortality rates.

Recent studies indicate that iron deficiency and low serum iron levels (hypoferremia) not only cause anemia but may also impair adaptive immunity and reduce the efficacy of vaccination. In recent years, the mechanisms of action of products derived from antler deer farming and their potential applications in preventive and rehabilitation programs have been actively investigated. From a therapeutic perspective, the development of complex preparations based on maral antlers, as well as plant- and mineral-derived products (biologically active supplements (BAS) is considered promising. In the context of urban living and diets dominated by processed foods, the use of BAS becomes increasingly relevant.

Aim. To assess the impact of the biologically active supplement «Liquid pantogematogen» (Zaru Pfarm, Republic of Kazakhstan), on cellular immunity indicators CD4 and CD8 in women of reproductive age suffering from iron deficiency anemia.

Materials and methods. The study included 66 women aged 18 to 49 years. All participants were randomly assigned to two groups: Group I (main) – 33 women; group II (control) – 33 women. The main group received the biologically active supplement «Liquid pantogematogen» at a dose of 15 ml twice daily for 14 days. The control group was advised to maintain a healthy lifestyle and adhere to a proper diet for iron deficiency anemia. On days 18-20 follow-up testing of blood parameters was performed as scheduled.

Results and discussion. Examination of immune system cells in the main group revealed an increase in the total lymphocyte population CD3+ from 68.53 to 71.90. An increase was also observed in cortical thymocytes (double-positive lymphocytes) CD4+CD8+ from 1.18 to 1.96. The subpopulation of CD3+CD8+ cells rose from 36.30 to 37.96. A significant increase in T-helper cells CD3+CD4+ was noted – from 50.25 to 60.16 (p=0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed in the control group.

Conclusions. Following the use of pantogematogen, the level of CD4+ T-helper cells increased from 50.3% to 60.2% (p=0.001).

Aim. A primary study of the quality of life of families with children with oncohematological diseases. Materials and methods. A total of 60 patients under the age of 18 who were undergoing inpatient

treatment at Research Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery (Almaty c., Republic of Kazakhstan) and National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health of UMC CF (Astana c., Republic of Kazakhstan), as well as their parents/guardians or grandmothers providing support, participated in the study. Information was collected in two ways: filling out electronic psychological, socio-demographic questionnaire and a conversation.

Results and discussion. The following problems were the most urgent for the respondents: significant lifestyle changes, financial difficulties and late diagnosis of the disease. 46.7% of the respondents considered their psychoemotional state relatively stable, however, 41.7% of the guardians reported that they could hardly cope with the situation in the family, 11.7% of the guardians could not cope with the current situation. Frequently used coping methods, according to the survey, included prayer, fulfillment of the child’s wishes, and support from loved ones.

Conclusions. There was a need to create a comprehensive journal-guide for the patient and his family, designed to simplify navigation during the treatment process. There have been isolated cases of misunderstanding and stigmatization of oncological diseases, as well as the lack of adapted methods for measuring the quality of life of families with oncopediatric patients.

Aim. To assess the quality of life of employees at the production facilities of Kostanay Minerals JSC.

Materials and methods. From November to December 2024, the quality of life of 737 employees of Kostanay Minerals JSC was assessed using the internationally standardized SF-36 questionnaire. Quality of life was measured across 8 main scales, and differences between men and women were analyzed using the Mann – Whitney U test (p<0.05). The results reflect the level of physical and psychological well-being of the workers, and statistical analysis was performed using STATA software.

Results and discussion. The mean age of respondents was 41.3±9.9 years, and the mean professional experience was 11±10.1 years. Most quality-of-life indicators were above average, with the highest scores observed in physical functioning, role-emotional functioning, and social functioning scales, while scores for «general health» and «vitality» were at an average level. Comparative analysis by sex showed that women had lower physical and psychological well-being compared to men.

Conclusions. The majority of respondents rated their quality of life as above average. Although general health scores were similar between men and women, the overall quality-of-life index was higher in men. SF-36 scale scores ranged from 49.6 to 86.0 points, indicating a relatively favorable psychophysiological and emotional state among participants.

Aim. To study the structural and pathological changes in lymph nodes in children, taking into account their anatomical and physiological characteristics, and to assess the effectiveness of instrumental diagnostic methods used to detect these pathological changes.

Materials and methods. The study used data from modern medical literature, clinical observations, and instrumental diagnostic methods. The anatomical features of lymph nodes in children and their pathological changes were discussed. A comparative analysis of different instrumental methods for diagnosing inflammatory and oncological diseases was conducted.

Results and discussion. It was found that the size and structure of lymph nodes in children vary depending on their location and age. Ultrasound (US) is the safest and most accessible method, allowing the assessment of the size, shape, and echogenicity of nodes. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was found to be effective in differentiating between inflammatory and metastatic changes. Positron emission tomography combined with magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) and computed tomography (PET/CT) demonstrated high sensitivity in detecting malignant structures. The study also confirmed the important role of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying structural changes in lymph nodes.

Conclusion. For the early detection and diagnosis of lymph node pathology in children, the use of US, CT, MRI, PET/CT, and PET/MRI is recommended. US is the primary method for initial diagnosis, CT and MRI are essential for determining structural changes, while PET/CT and PET/MRI are used to detect malignant processes.

Introduction. The use of laparoscopic appendectomy in acute appendicitis in emergency surgery can improve treatment outcomes and save patients from traumatic laparotomy and related complications. The possibilities of expanding the indications for the use of endovideosurgical technology in the treatment of acute destructive complicated appendicitis have not been fully determined and need further investigation.

Aim. Comparative analysis of the results of treatment of patients with acute appendicitis and its complications using laparoscopic and laparotomy appendectomy in the conditions of MSE «Regional Clinical Hospital» of the Health Department of Karaganda region (Karaganda c., Republic of Kazakhstan).

Materials and methods. The study analyzed the medical histories of 404 patients operated on from 01.01.2020 to 31.12.2021 at MSE «Regional Clinical Hospital» of the Health Department of Karaganda region on the basis of the Department of Surgical Diseases of Karaganda Medical University NC JSC (Karaganda c., Republic of Kazakhstan).

Results and discussion. The results of appendectomies performed by laparoscopic access are analyzed and compared with the results of laparotomy operations for the same pathology. When comparing the results of laparoscopic and laparotomy appendectomy in patients with acute appendicitis, the following indicators were analyzed: the duration of surgery, the number of complications, and the average period of hospital stay.

Conclusions. The widespread use of endovideosurgical technology in the treatment of patients with acute appendicitis is a matter of time and shows that laparoscopic appendectomy has already become the gold standard for the treatment of almost all forms of acute appendicitis. As the results of our research have shown, laparoscopic appendectomy is the surgery of choice in patients with acute appendicitis, not only because of the good immediate results, but also because of the absence of further threatening postoperative complications.

The study presents the results of the analysis of the clinical course of varicella in 221 children hospitalized in the Infection Center of the Regional Clinical Hospital of the Karaganda Region Health Department in 2020 – 2024.

The structure of hospitalized patients with the verified diagnosis of varicella was dominated by children aged 3 to 6 years. The clinical picture of varicella was characterized by the development of asthenic vegetative syndrome in 58.8% of patients, manifested by weakness, fatigue, headache and myalgia. The premorbid background in more than half of the observed patients was burdened by various diseases, which contributed to the development of severe complications in the form of sepsis (generalized systemic inflammation) (3%), complications from the central nervous system (4%), complications from the respiratory system (37%), bacterial infections from the skin (56%).

Widespread use of specific prevention in the form of vaccination is necessary. Vaccination against chickenpox is an effective method of prevention and requires wider implementation in pediatric practice.

Relevance. Caesarean section is one of the most common surgical procedures worldwide. Over the past 15 years, the global cesarean section rate has doubled to 21% and continues to increase by 4% annually. Between 2000 and 2015, the rate of abdominal delivery increased across all regions, with the highest prevalence in Latin America and the Caribbean (44.3%) and the lowest in Africa (4.1%). In recent years, Kazakhstan has seen a decline in maternal and perinatal mortality rates. However, the frequency of cesarean sections continues to rise, increasing from 4.6% in 1990 to 23.5% in 2018.

Objective. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of metroplasty in cases of uterine suture dehiscence to preserve reproductive function.

Materials and methods. The study presents treatment outcomes of 13 patients who underwent cesarean section between January 2020 and April 2023. Their postoperative course was complicated by endometritis and obstetric peritonitis due to uterine suture dehiscence.

Results and discussion. All patients were of reproductive age. Long-term follow-up showed that one patient conceived two years after metroplasty. Her pregnancy progressed without complications, and she successfully delivered.

Background. The sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter (NET), encoded by the SLC6A2 gene, plays a key role in the regulation of noradrenergic transmission and is associated with orthostatic intolerance, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, and autonomic dysfunctions. The emergence of cryo-EM structures of human NET in complex with noradrenaline and antidepressants, along with new machine-learning algorithms, has enabled systematic in silico screening of known missense variants of the gene and the identification of previously uncharacterized pathogenic substitutions that may explain cases of idiopathic orthostatic intolerance, treatment-resistant depression, paradoxical responses to therapy, or hereditary autonomic disorders.

Aim of the study was to analyze missense variants of the SLC6A2 gene registered in the NCBI database (assembly GRCh38.p14), to identify variants with the highest predicted pathogenicity scores, and to perform their structural-functional characterization using modern bioinformatics tools.

Materials and methods. From 725 missense single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) of unknown clinical significance in the SLC6A2 gene (GRCh38), biallelic variants with the highest pathogenicity scores (AlphaMissense ≥0.99 and LIST-S2 ≥0.99) were selected. Two rare variants (rs1397308523 (Pro108Thr) and rs759975667 (p.Gln314Arg) underwent comprehensive in silico analysis.

Results and discussion. Both substituted residues are highly conserved (ConSurf 9/9). Predictions of topology (DeepTMHMM) and domain organization (PROSITE) revealed no differences from the wild type. MutPred2 assigned overall pathogenicity scores of 0.87 and 0.91, respectively. I-Mutant 2.0 and MUpro predicted decreased protein stability (ΔΔG –1.11 and –0.94 kcal/mol).

Conclusions. The variants rs1397308523 and rs759975667, which have the highest predicted pathogenicity among missense substitutions in SLC6A2, represent priority targets for functional studies and screening in clinical cohorts.

Aim. Histopathological evaluation of biopsies and surgical resections of the large intestine in patients with COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). We conducted a retrospective analysis of colon biopsies/resections of 116 patients with a positive nasopharyngeal smear PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, obtained within 12 weeks prior to the biopsy/resection without a history of gastrointestinal disease.

Methods. Tissue sections were evaluated using standard light microscopy, and biopsy/resection tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to a standard protocol. When assessing the histomorphology of sections, five categories were evaluated reflecting the severity of histopathological damage: 1) histoarchitectonics of the mucous membrane, 2) epithelial changes, 3) composition and size of inflammatory cell infiltrates, 4) number of eosinophils, 5) microvascular changes. For each histological feature, the presence or absence of a feature or the severity of damage was additionally noted. The cases were grouped according to the totality of histological signs belonging to morphological patterns: 1) acute inflammatory pattern, 2) ischemic pattern, 3) IBD-like pattern.

Results and discussion. Of the 116 patients, 10 (8.6%) revealed a pattern of acute inflammatory damage: erosions and ulcers, crypt abscesses, epithelial hyperplasia, focal and diffuse clusters of polymorphonuclear granulocytes. In 62 (53.4%) cases, histological signs of an ischemic pattern were revealed: histoarchitectonic distortions, crypt atrophy and superficial necrosis/regeneration of the mucous membrane with the formation of granulation tissue, microvascular changes. In 17 (14.7%) cases, a pattern of damage associated with the IBD spectrum was found, characterized by changes/deformations of histoarchitectonics, metaplasia/hyperplasia of Paneth cells, destructive epithelial damage with mixed polymorphonuclear granulocytic and transmural lymphoplasmocytic infiltration with lymphoid clusters in the thickness of the entire intestinal wall and basal plasmocytosis.

Conclusion. This study revealed a high incidence of ischemic pattern of colon damage in patients within 12 weeks of COVID-19 and a number of cases of IBD-like pattern of intestinal damage. The data obtained can help in stratifying groups of patients with histopathological signs of intestinal damage after COVID-19 and show the relevance of conducting expanded prospective studies.

The Estrogen Receptor 1 (ESR1) gene plays key roles in regulating ER-responsive genes and affects many physiological processes. This gene encodes the estrogen receptor (ERα), which is essential for cellular proliferation and differentiation and is implicated in various malignancies, including osteoporosis, colon, ovarian, endometrial, and breast cancer. Due to the association of the mutagenic form of ESR1 with many types of cancers, it is also being investigated as a potential biomarker for cancers. The bulk tissue expression of the ESR1 gene is found mainly in the tissues associated with female reproductive organs (breast, cervix tissue, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina). This study analyzed ESR1 expression in malignancies using in silico tools. TNMplot, TIMER2.0, GTEx, GEPIA, TCGA, etc., were used to investigate differential expression of ESR1 genes across various cancers, explore gene correlations, and assess prognostic impact and survival outcomes in patients. This study revealed that tumor tissue showed higher ESR1 expression than normal or metastatic tissues. ESR1 expression was high in all pathological stages throughout the course of the malignancy. Differential overall survival was observed among breast, cervical, uterine, and ovarian malignancies. Insights from this research could lead to the development of more effective targeted therapies, improving patient outcomes, and advancing cancer treatment strategies. This aspect of gene co-expression and linked transcription may be the subject of future molecular research.

Introduction. Arterial hypertension is one of the main risk factors for developing fatal cardiovascular complications. Among patients with arterial hypertension, there is a subgroup with therapy-resistant hypertension (RH). Resistant arterial hypertension (RAH) is associated with a 2-6-fold increase in the risk of cardiovascular complications, making the problem of its diagnosis and treatment highly relevant.

Aim. To assess patient adherence to treatment for resistant hypertension conducted in outpatient settings.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of outpatient records of patients with hypertension (n=3 321) was carried out, with observations conducted in 5 polyclinic institutions in the city of Aktobe. A group of patients (n=346) with poorly controlled grade 2-3 hypertension was identified and classified into the RAH group. The effectiveness of combination therapy and adherence to the most used antihypertensive drugs were analyzed.

Results and discussion. Combinations of antihypertensive drugs included in triple therapy did not produce effective results. It was noted that 21.4% of prescriptions consisted of an ACE inhibitor and a betablocker + diuretic combination, and 12.7% of cases involved an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARA II) + beta-blocker + diuretic. These combinations are no longer considered first-line antihypertensive drug combinations.

Conclusion. The study revealed that the addition of spironolactone to the drug combination led to additional blood pressure reduction in patients with resistant hypertension, thus contributing to improved patient compliance and a more favorable disease course, reducing the risk of frequent complications such as coronary artery disease, acute and chronic brain damage, and kidney disease.

Introduction. Primary health care underpins equitable access and continuity of services, forming the cornerstone of sustainable health systems. Nursing is central to Primary Health Care delivery, encompassing preventive services, patient care, and chronic disease management. Despite reforms in Kazakhstan, significant challenges persist, including workforce shortages, uneven distribution of personnel, insufficient educational standards, and limited career advancement opportunities.

Aim. To analyze the current state of nursing in Kazakhstan’s Primary Health Care system, identify systemic barriers, and outline development prospects in line with international benchmarks.

Materials and methods. A narrative review was conducted of official reports from the Ministry of Health, national regulatory documents, and peer-reviewed publications (2010 – 2025). Comparative analysis with global advanced nursing practice models was performed.

Results and discussion. Kazakhstan employs about 121,000 nurses, including 65,000 in Primary Health Care, but faces a shortage of nearly 3,800 mid-level staff. In rural areas, one nurse may serve up to 2,500 patients, leading to burnout. From 2020 – 2023, nurses’ salaries rose by 20%, 45 SOPs were introduced, and graduate nursing programs expanded. Yet advanced practice remains limited: in Almaty, only 0.4% of nurses provide independent consultations. In 2024, over 1,100 professionals (including 82 nurses) were trained for new PHC facilities, and 2,850 staff completed updated training. In 2025, the Ministry of Health declared the Year of Primary Health Care, mandating continuous training and digital integration. Positive shifts include simulation centers, distance learning, and digital tools that enhance education and broaden nurses’ roles.

Conclusion. Strengthening nursing in Kazakhstan’s Primary Health Care requires a comprehensive strategy: raising salaries, updating curricula to international standards, expanding nurses’ scope of practice, and integrating digital health solutions. Government support and international collaboration are critical to stabilizing the workforce and improving Primary Health Care quality and accessibility.

The progressive increase in the amount of information dictates serious tasks for the higher medical education system to improve the educational process, improve the quality of education, and introduce modern information technologies into the educational process of students (multimedia presentations of lectures and student abstracts; electronic educational resources; information support for the discipline).

Pharmacology is one of the key disciplines in medical and pharmaceutical education. Traditional teaching methods, such as lectures and seminars, do not always provide a sufficient level of practical training for students.

In order to improve the quality of student training in the academic discipline «Pharmacology», information technologies are being introduced at the Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Evidence-based Medicine of Karaganda Medical University NC JSC. The use of information technology in the educational process increases the effectiveness of the study of pharmacology, leads to improved quality training of future specialists. This concept of the educational process allows creating conditions for the development of motivation and interest in the study of pharmacology. Horizons and awareness are expanding, such intellectual functions as analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, and comparison are developing.

In this regard, there is the increasing interest in active teaching methods, among which the case study method occupies a special place. The case study method is widely used in medical education to form clinical thinking and decision-making skills. The case study method is based on the analysis of specific clinical cases, which contributes to the development of analytical thinking, decision-making ability and the application of theoretical knowledge in practice. This article discusses the possibilities of using the case study method in teaching pharmacology, its advantages, disadvantages and examples of successful implementation.

The influence of the use of modern information and communication technologies (ICT) and teaching methods at medical universities, in particular, team-based learning (TBL) and case-based learning (CBL) on students’ professional education, the formation of communication skills in foreign languages and personal development, has been studied.

The responses of students and teachers were processed using statistical methods. The positive impact of the use of TBL, CBL and ICT methods on the educational process, student education and the formation of professional communication skills in a foreign language through a survey of students and teachers of the medical university was revealed.

The research methods used have made it possible to comprehensively study the impact of TBL, CBL and ICT methods in the medical education process, and also help identify ways to develop communication skills in a foreign language and promote students’ personal development.

The results of the study showed that TBL and CBL methods and ICT tools increase the educational motivation of medical university students, help to effectively organize teamwork, improve professional communication skills in a foreign language and increase the effectiveness of the educational process as a whole. These methods are of great importance in preparing students for future professional activities.

Case-based learning is an engaging teaching method that blends theory with real-world practice in public health education. In our paper, we explored the core educational theories behind this approach. We outlined different types of case studies used in our public health programs, such as epidemiological, organizational, social determinants, preventive, and ethical cases. At the School of Public Health, special attention is paid to how these cases are developed and implemented, as well as ways to assess their impact in the learning process. This approach helps students not only obtain theoretical concepts but also build practical skills needed to tackle complex healthcare challenges.

Using case studies in higher education programs encourages students to sharpen their critical thinking, analytical skills, and ability to work in teams. These skills are vital today, as societies grapple with both every day and unique challenges like pandemics, socioeconomic disparities, and environmental issues that demand well-rounded solutions and collaboration across fields. Moreover, with growing societal freedoms and liberalization, new ethical questions tied to public health keep arising. All stakeholders should not forget that creating and evaluating high-quality cases takes time and relies on adequate data and expert input. As public health issues get more complex, case-based learning remains a powerful way to prepare future leaders to address them effectively.