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Medicine and ecology

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No 2 (2023)
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ECOLOGY AND HYGIENE 

5-8 227
Abstract

In the article, the development of concomitant pathologies of arterial hypertension, including chronic vascular diseases, significantly reduces the quality of life and productivity of patients, and currently the decrease in the effectiveness of this anti-morbid treatment not only leads to additional financial costs, but also worsens the quality of life of the patient.

The control unit included men with chronic venous disease and combined arterial hypertension. The subject of the study was the quality of life of able – bodied men with chronic venous disease and concomitant arterial hypertension. The scope of the study was 44 men with chronic venous disease (Base Group) and 16 men without chronic venous disease, but with arterial hypertension (subgroup). Criteria assigned to the named Group: A man, 30-50 years old and people with normal blood pressure. Quality of life control decisions of patients during the testing of the group, according to the quality of life survey, the total score was 790 points, of which 24 (54.5%) points were made by men with arterial hypertension. In the control group, this data generated 280 points, respectively, that is, there were about 6 (37.5%) points. Comparing these indicators, based on the results of the survey, we can conclude that the subgroup has a lower quality of life compared to the main group (χ2 =49.7, p=0.0001). [4]. As a result of a comparative analysis of each response to a survey of patients, it was found that one of the reasons for the decline in the quality of life was associated with leg pain, which showed that patients in the main group were most worried not only during active daytime, but also during night sleep. The foot pain factor was the leading factor in the main group of patients, indicating that this factor was particularly disturbing in the morning (p=0.036). In both groups studied, cases of decreased ability to work were observed when assessing the ability of patients to work. The characteristics of the decrease in cases of incapacity for work were shown in patients at the earliest level of morbidity, but all this led to the fact that men in the studied group did not lose their ability to work and did not use medications for previous venous diseases.No cases of pronounced loss of working capacity were recorded in the main group under study.

Venous circulation is considered a part of the general circulatory system, for the same reason, patients with impaired arterial blood system are subject to pathological damage to the venous blood system. In the study of patients with chronic venous disease in the Scandinavian countries, it was concluded that the results of our studies, which found cardiovascular complications in most patients with chronic diseases, lead to a severe drop in the patient's quality of life, along with a decrease in the quality of life in patients with chronic venous disease among men of working age.

CLINICAL MEDICINE 

9-13 257
Abstract

The article presents the results of a study of 62 patients with bronchial asthma (ВА), which were divided into 2 groups: the first group included patients (n=34) with moderate severity of asthma, the second group included patients (n=28) with severe asthma. The worsening of the course of bronchial asthma in the examined patients is due to the duration of the disease, the presence of harmful risk factors, among which adverse living conditions with the development of sensitization to them are of the greatest importance. In severe bronchial asthma, an uncontrolled course of the disease prevails with a 1.8-fold decrease in asthma-control test values (p<0.05). With an increase in the severity of the inflammatory process in the airways, the level of AOРP in the blood plasma increases. In patients with bronchial asthma, the following features of oxidative metabolism were established: in the blood plasma and erythrocytes of patients with bronchial asthma of varying severity, a tendency to an increase in reactive carbonyl derivatives of proteins, malondialdehyde, AOPP compared with the control was observed, which indicates an increase in oxidative metabolism with the development of pathology.

THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 

14-18 297
Abstract

Stem cells can be used in cellular therapy. This happened in order to replace damaged cells or having aim to regenerate organs. The definition of stem cells can be extended. From this point of view, we can mention taking in consideration the idea in which it is known that these cells form the base of the building body. More than, we can mention, that stem cells are characterized by two knowing properties – namely differentiation and self-renewal. Based on the observation that differentiation of adult stem cells into specific derivatives can be controlled by laboratory techniques, it is anticipated that adult stem cells may become the basis of therapies for many, and various types of medical conditions. Taking on stem cells, regenerative medicine (RM) it is known as being one of the hottest topics in biotechnology nowadays.

From this purpose, stem cells can be used in regenerative medicine (RM). The principles of regeneration are found in different types of cultures, from long time ago, centuries etc.

19-22 262
Abstract

Currently, one of the promising ways to take medicines are instant dosage forms (in particular, medicinal films), which have a number in comparison with traditional dosage forms.

This work, a composition of films for dentistry has been developed, which includes peppermint essential oil as the main active ingredient, gelatin, natrium-carboxymethylcellulose (Na-KMC), glycerin, Tween-80 and purified water as a film-forming base. The optimal concentrations of polymers that ensure the production of high-quality dosage forms have been established. The results of physical-chemical, pharmaco-technological and biopharmaceutical tests of the obtained films are presented.

ORGANIZATION AND ECONOMICS OF HEALTH 

23-31 244
Abstract

Wilson's disease is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary disorder of copper metabolism characterized by excessive copper build up in tissues, including brain and liver. The genetic defect localized at the 13q14 – q21 locus affects the gene for copper transporting protein ATP7B in the liver. This defect can be caused by deletions, insertions or missense mutations, leading to disruption of the copper incorporation into ceruloplasmin and the excretion of excess copper into bile. The disease is characterized by liver damage, neuropsychiatric symptoms, musculoskeletal, hematological and renal clinical signs, the presence of Kayser-Fleischer rings as well as many other possible symptoms, with their manifestation depending on the timeliness of diagnosis, stage and form of the disease, and therapeutic interventions.

Organizations investigating the problems of Wilson's disease regularly issue new recommendations as knowledge about the disease expands. Innovative diagnostic and therapeutic procedures are put into practice, and views on the course of the disease features change. The general updates of the latest international recommendations described in this article for their early introduction into practical healthcare relate to diagnostic algorithms, indications and the choice of timing and methods of drug treatment in various groups of patients with Wilson's disease, including a more complete review of neuropsychiatric care, as well as the possible tools for therapy monitoring.

MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 

32-40 221
Abstract

The purpose of the article is to improve the methods and forms of teaching students, the formation of a scientifically based unified system. The training of qualified specialists at the university requires the use of new forms and methods of teaching. It is necessary to identify and improve the ways of education based on innovative pedagogical technologies. One of the new tasks of state strategies remains to increase the requirements for training specialists in the international education market and the active introduction of modern innovative technologies into the educational process, support for the promotion of scientific technology in higher education and medicine. The introduction of interactive learning technologies into the educational process, including the use of remote technologies with video content, the strengthening of the material and technical base for medical and technical specialties, the increase in the number of electronic reading rooms, the organization of research work, continues widely.

It should be noted that modern innovative technologies are widely used not only in the educational process, but also in the training of competitive young professionals who are in high demand on the international market. Effective ways of education are determined at the level of knowledge using various methods. Today, along with the basic teaching methods formed in the learning process, new methods are often used. The assessment of the level of knowledge of students is determined by various teaching methods.

41-44 236
Abstract

The School of Pharmacy of the Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University implements joint educatioal programs «Cosmetology pharmaceutical», which is part of the group of educational programs «Pharmacy».

To optimize the educational process, a comparative analysis of the curricula of the SOP of the leading universities of the far and near abroad was carried out. As a result of the analysis, educational programs were compiled in the areas of training, a cycle of elective disciplines with a partner university – the University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Poland.

The structure and content of the joint educational program is developed on the basis of a student-centered approach to learning, developed with the participation of students and other stakeholders.

The bachelor's degree program is at least 180-240 ECTS credits; the joint master's program is at least 90- 120 ECTS credits and should not be less than 60 ECTS credits at the second level of the cycle (credit ranges according to FQ-EHEA).

The joint educational program has mechanisms for monitoring the workload and the average time for completion of the program.

45-52 265
Abstract

The article discusses the issues of training STEM specialists in the implementation of joint educational programs (JEP) of medical and technical universities in the field of information technology in healthcare. A model of JEP training is proposed through the collaboration of professional standards, learning outcomes, requirements for specialists imposed by production partners, which allow to increase the efficiency of the do[1]mestic education system.

53-59 728
Abstract

The article analyzes the traditional face-to-face and distance learning formats. The unfavorable epidemiological situation since March 2020 required an immediate change in the format of education.The comparison of full-time and distance learning, which highlights the positive and negative sides of both types.The problematic aspects of distance education are highlighted. The international experience of urgent transition to online education is described. The experience of transition to a new format of education in the Republic of Kazakhstan is analyzed.

60-67 265
Abstract

The urgency of research is caused by the problem of quality and success of the residents’ professional training, the important factor of which is a complex of motives inclining and directing towards activities.

The aim of the study is to identify a set of incentives for successful professionalization during the adaptation of residents to a new educational environment (in the first two months) based on the implementation of interdisciplinary approaches.

The principal methods for studying this problem were social survey and psychodiagnostic testing, statistical processing of the research quantitative results. 369 residents took part in the experiment.

The results of the research showed that the principal motives for successful professional adaptation of residents were an informed choice of the place for further education; choice of speciality, where there were favorable conditions at the clinical sites and effective tutors with practical and educational experience; choice of the department, where its head was involved in residents’ training, and the curators were involved in the practical healthcare.

The authors presented a model of the residents’ motivation place in the value components of the public health system on the whole, taking into account interaction of medical organizations and medical higher educational establishments.

The significance of research lies in the fact that the obtained results contribute to the enhancement of medical education. The research materials can be of help for the tutors, higher-education teaching personnel, the administration of medical universities.

68-74 247
Abstract

This article discusses the relevance of the formation of communication skills among medical students, the importance of correcting the methodological aspects of teaching the discipline "Communication Skills", displays the intermediate results of teaching communication skills under the Erasmus + project program. By conducting a survey of students using pre- and post-test. The study was conducted among first-year students, the duration of training was one semester. The survey was conducted in two stages at the beginning and at the end of training. The international and domestic experience among medical universities is given, the most significant achievements in the teaching of this discipline are displayed. The data obtained show the effectiveness of the developed methodology in the learning process, there is an understanding of the use of communication skills in the dyad «Doctor – Patient», thereby forming the communicative competence of medical students from the very beginning of training.



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ISSN 2305-6045 (Print)
ISSN 2305-6053 (Online)