The incidence of breast cancer is second in the overall structure of cancer pathology among women and is characterized by an annual increasing of new detected cases. One of the promising areas is the study of the role of purine nucleotides and intermediates of their catabolism. Recently, began to discuss the relationship between purine metabolism and cancer progression. It has been suggested that the products of catabolism of purines may play an important role in the development and progression of oncopathology.

The authors carried out a detailed and critical analysis of domestic and foreign literature on the study of the incidence of multiple sclerosis, the characteristics of the disease course in various ethnic groups. At first the disease was described by Charcot in 1868 after the discovery of contrast agents for microscopy, the study of multiple sclerosis became even more active and productive. However, today the issues of etiology and epidemiology remain relevant. In the course of numerous studies, it was determined that the genetic factor plays an important role in the development of multiple sclerosis. At the same time, different ethnic groups with a disease of multiple sclerosis have a different number of genes that contribute to the process. Currently, there is a tendency to increase the incidence among ethnic groups for which multiple sclerosis was not previously characteristic, which contributed to the intensification of research in several countries.

Neutrophil extracellular traps are a new paradigm in immune-mediated immunity. NET is considered to be a highly conserved antimicrobial strategy that includes decondensed nuclear DNA and its associated histones, which are extruded into the extracellular space. A number of antimicrobial peptides, which contribute to the extracellular destruction of microorganisms that enter the network, are associated with DNA strands. It has been established that neutrophilic traps have a dual role: on the one hand, they perform a protective function, on the other hand, they are potential mediators of tissue damage. In this regard, the assessment of the extracellular traps formation is of absolute relevance and importance because it can largely determine the development and outcomes of various pathologies.

The analysis of the weekly and annual dynamics of the functional state of school students of Karaganda. The assessment of the functional state of schoolchildren was determined by the degree of change in mental performance, which was studied using the proofreading test on the alphabetic tables of V. Y. Anfimov. The test was conducted at the beginning and at the end of the school year in 4 stages - on Monday and Friday before the first and last lessons. 270 students took part in the study voluntarily at the beginning of the first quarter of the week, at the end of the school week - 276 students. In the fourth quarter (in may) at the beginning of the school week, the study involved 199 students, at the end of the school week - 192 students. The analysis of the research results showed the unfavorable dynamics of mental performance and functional state. Analysis of the functional state of the study at the beginning and end of the school year found that in the first quarter of the students there is a period of development, and in the fourth -characterized by the first signs of fatigue and the beginning of noticeable fatigue.

The purpose of the study: analysis of infant mortality in the Karaganda region for 2018 in comparison with 2017 and national average data. The authors analyzed the Babies matrix, which contains information on stillborn and deceased children under the age of 1 year (including those born with a gestational age of 22 weeks or more) in the Karaganda region and the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2017-2018. In terms of regions, infant mortality in the Karaganda region for 2018 with a positive trend is a further decrease in infant mortality with an indicator below the republican level, which amounted to 7.4 versus 7.7 per 1000 live births, with RK 7.9 per 1000 births alive, against 8.1 of the same period of 2017.

The article presents basic information about sex and age peculiarities of motor activity of schoolchildren. The study was conducted using an active questionnaire. A representative sample of 824 students (408 boys and 416 girls) in Karaganda general education schools was monitored. Pupils aged 10-17 were distributed according to age into 8 groups with an annual interval. In order to study and subjective assessment of the motor activity of schoolchildren, a questionnaire was developed, including questions related to various forms of motor activity and leisure activities of students. The questionnaire found that most students were dominated by static activities in the daily time budget. The results of the study revealed quite low motor activity of schoolchildren during extra-school time and insufficient stay in the open air.

The purpose of research is to conduct a comparative analysis of methods for correcting hypernatremia in patients with brain tumors and stroke hematomas in the early postoperative period by using a solution of hypotonic sodium chloride and using solution of sterofundin. Materials and methods: 93 patients with stroke hematoma (n=68) and brain tumor (n=25) with hypernatremia in the early postoperative period were divided into two groups «A» (n=52) and «В» (n=41). A 0,45% solution of sodium chloride was used as a correction for hypernatremia in group «A». The solution of sterofundin was used in group «В». To assess the effectiveness of treatment methods were taken into account normalization and the rate of correction of blood sodium levels. The target value was to achieve the level of sodium plasma in the range of 135-145 mmol/L. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical analysis. Statistically significant changes were taken at p<0,05. Results and discussion: a comparative analysis of the dynamics of sodium levels showed significant differences (p<0,05) in the content of this electrolyte in the blood before surgery and in the early postoperative period (before correction of hypernatremia). Intergroup comparative analysis of the dynamics of the sodium level did not reveal statistically significant differences between the groups (p>0,05). However, sterofundin had an advantage in the rate of sodium reduction. The use of sterofundin reduced the level of sodium to target values by 24 hours faster than 0,45% sodium chloride solution. Conclusions: 1) the sodium level corresponded to normal values in patients before surgery (p<0,05); 2) the use of sterofundin reduced the sodium level to normal in 76,9% of patients by the end of the first day and by the beginning of the second day. When using 0,45% solution of sodium chloride a decrease in sodium to normal was observed in 78,3% of patients on the third day of the postoperative period; 3) the use of sterofundin solution for the correction of hypernatremia in the early postoperative period had a slight advantage over 0,45% sodium chloride solution in the rate of sodium reduction.

Objective: assess the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus using the FINDRISC questionnaire in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, depending on the degree of disease activity. Materials and methods: the study included 134 people, women 98 (73.1%) and 36 (26.9%) men aged 18 to 65 years with rheumatoid arthritis. The ten-year risk of diabetes was rated on the FINDRISC (Finnish Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Form) scale. All respondents were divided into three groups depending on the level of activity of rheumatoid arthritis according to the Desease activity index 28-ESR scale (DAS28-ESR). Statistical processing of the material was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistiks v23 software, using the Kruskal-Wallace and Mann-Whitney indicators, the Spearman coefficient. Results and discussion: abdominal obesity (74.5%) and overweight (61.9%) prevailed in the structure of the frequency of risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes. Significant differences between the comparison groups were found only by the criterion of eating vegetables (x2 = 7.899; p = 0.017). A correlation was found between the degree of activity of rheumatoid arthritis and the total score on the FINDRISC scale (p = 0.372; p = 0.00). Conclusion: the use of the FINDRISC questionnaire can be an effective tool for assessing the risk of type 2 diabetes in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Findings: a high degree of activity of rheumatoid arthritis increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the next decade of life.

Treatment of caries and other pathologies of hard dental tissues is always in great demand at any age. The effectiveness of traditional therapy for initial caries is rather low. The method of micro-invasive treatment of initial caries by the infiltration method of the ICON system has a number of relative contraindications. The synthetic analogue of human amelogenin protein developed in Kazakhstan for non-invasive treatment of focal demineralization of tooth enamel has no morphological substantiation of enamel regeneration processes. The acid demineralization methods on the extracted human teeth were used with the subsequent evaluation of mineralization effect of the synthetic analogue of human amelogenin protein in the solution of artificial saliva compared with the control group. To assess the mineralization of enamel, the methods of staining with solutions of caries marker, laser fluorescence and light microscopy were used. The results of the research were analyzed, which will allow introducing into clinical dental practice a new method for the treatment and prevention of focal demineralization of teeth.

This article discusses the problems of experimental modeling of mental disorders in the aspect of clinical medicine. Modern ideas about psychopathology present new demands for experimental science in order to create valid models of behavioral and emotional disorders. At the present stage of the scientific development the modeling of the psychopathology is significantly difficult or even impossible due to its high specificity. The need for pharmacological studies of the new drugs requires a common etiological, pathogenetic mechanisms of the modeling and reproduction of clinical symptoms in the experiment. Stress-induced modeling has been used in the experimental science for a long time and is becoming increasingly important. The prolonged effect of stress on the human body is known to be considered a leading factor in the development of borderline disorders and adaptation disorders. The personal reaction to stress in the complex of internal and external contradictions is capable of forming various types of the symptom complexes of the neurotic spectrum. Prolonged exposure of the individual to the increasing psycho-emotional stress in the modern society causes an increased frequency of borderline disorders. A variety of syndromes, united into a group of adaptation disorders, are considered a standard of a promising experimental model. Conditions comparable to the mechanism of the adaptation disorders development in humans are reproducible in the «Chronic Unpredictable Moderate Stress» model, which suggests prolonged exposure to a variety of alternating stress factors of moderate intensity. This mechanism of action prevents adaptation, does not have an excessive traumatic effect, and allows to dynamically observe animals in the process of model formation and in the study of the pharmacological profile of psychotropic drugs. The use of a sustainable model of stress-induced disorders will expand the possibilities of studying the biochemical, pathomorphological factors of their development and the possibilities of pharmacotherapeutic effects.

According to an anonymous survey of master's students of the medical University of Karaganda evaluated the conditions of the organization of self-study and its impact on the quality of education and education in General. The study involved 72 master's students of the first and second year of specialties: «General medicine», «Public health», «Preventive medicine», «Nursing care», «Biology», «Pharmacy», «Technology of pharmaceutical production» scientific-pedagogical and profile magistracy. The data obtained about the features of organization of self-study in the departments, on the degree of satisfaction, caused by the interest and difficulties experienced by master's students, the importance of certain types of self -study in the formation of competencies, required for effective activity in a specific subject area. It is established that the nature of the organization of self-study and the priority of the importance of certain types of self-study in the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities is different from master's students of the first and second years of study. Difficulties experienced to a greater extent by first-year students are associated with the organization and methodological support of self-study, as well as due to the measure of mastering the skills of selforganization and self-education.

The article is devoted to the study of the opinion of patients with hypertension about the availability and quality of medical care. According to most specialists in this field, patients with hypertension should learn how to provide first aid. According to most specialists in this field, patients with hypertension should learn how to provide first aid. According to experts, this type of help primarily helps the patient systematically monitors his health, and in some cases improves health. The method of independent observation of a patient with arterial hypertension is one of the important preventive measures for Kazakhstan, European and American doctors.

The material on anonymous questioning of schools teachers of Karaganda is presented. The study was conducted to examine teachers' awareness of HIV infection and attitudes towards HIV-infected children. A total of 140 teachers were surveyed. Statistical information was obtained from teachers on such aspects as a socio-demographic portrait, their awareness of the disease, and attitudes toward HIV-positive children. The results of the data indicate a lack of teacher knowledge about HIV infection.

The article demonstrates the clinical case of surgical treatment of penile oleogranuloma. The stages of plastic surgery to restore the structure of the penis are presented. The emphasis is made on the fact that the main and radical method of treating oleogranulomas is operational. In order to timely identify and treat, as well as reduce the percentage of complications of this pathology, it is necessary to conduct a total general examination both in outpatient and inpatient settings, including status genitalis, in males. When performing the final stage of surgical treatment (skin plastic), it is necessary to take into account the property of the skin of the scrotum, which consists in reducing it when exposed to cold agents. The authors of the article conclude that this clinical case confirms the need to exceed the graft circumference by at least 0.8-1.0 cm in comparison with the initial long circumference of the scalped part of the body of the penis. Therefore, further study of the results of this issue is necessary to determine the optimal treatment regimen and management of patients after such operations.