The study of the pathophysiological mechanisms of spasticity continues, but its heterogeneity, combination and mutual influence of various mechanisms in its development is already quite clear. Optimal management of patients depends on understanding the underlying physiology of spasticity, understanding its natural course, assessing the impact on the patient, and an integrated approach to minimizing this impact.

The article studied cognitive impairments that occur in patients after COVID – 19. According to the review, after COVID – 19, memory, attention, and thinking significantly decreased in patients, and it was found that this condition occurs in 1/3 of cases in patients. The study showed that along with drug and non–drug therapy, that is, symptomatic treatment after COVID - 19, in this case it is very effective to offer cognitive rehabilitation to patients.

This article addresses the issues of extended nursing care when working with patients who suffer from a complex complex condition in cardiology. Complexes of symptoms and syndromes that are observed in patients with cardiac diseases, as well as possible methods for improving the quality of life of patients, are considered. The condition of patients at all stages of the disease (from emergency care to rehabilitation) is considered. We reviewed and developed our provisions in the theory of the average level of self-help in chronic diseases in cardiology. Clinical guidelines for nursing for cardiac rehabilitation proposed by the National Research Center for Health Development were studied. We have proposed some improvements to existing clinical guidelines.

In the context of the development of a pandemic from coronavirus infection (COVID-19), the most vulnerable groups of the population with chronic diseases were susceptible to a severe course of coronavirus infection. This article presents an analysis of the results of a study on the detection of comorbid conditions in patients with COVID-19 treated in an infectious hospital of MF “Hippocrates” LLP. Age groups of patients with various comorbid conditions and complications are described.

The article is devoted to the use of scots pine in folk and official medicine. The most up-to-date information for the last 10 years has been collected. This review also considers the use of phytopreparations in complex therapeutic and preventive practice. The article provides information on the use in folk and official medicine of various medicines (infusions, decoctions, tinctures, extracts, syrups, oils, powders, oleoresin, turpentine) from different parts of the common pine (needles, buds, bark, resin), which have wound healing, anti-burn, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, adaptogenic, detoxification, hepatoprotective, biostimulating, restorative, sedative effects on the human body, stimulate hematopoiesis, immune system and regeneration processes, enrich the body with beneficial micro- and macronutrients, radionuclides are removed from the body. Medicinal products from the raw materials of scots pine are used for diseases of the throat, lungs and bleeding during wounds, rheumatism, gout, dropsy, rickets, metabolic disorders, as well as for inhalation in inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The research was conducted on such search engines: Scopus, Pubmed, elibrary. ru , Yandex, Google.

In the article presents the results of monitoring the growth capacity and development of seed material of hot pepper when treated with growth phytohormones «epin-extra», «kornevin». We also determined the biometric indicators of hot pepper seedlings. Biometric parameters were assessed, such as shoot height, leaf blade area, and number of leaves.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common diseases. The rational prescribing of drugs in modern clinical practice is a difficult task, and specialists are required to comply with the basic principles and recommendations for diagnosing UTIs and strictly follow the accepted treatment algorithms. The study of the practice of prescribing for UTI will allow us to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of treatment and eliminate the identified shortcomings. All this together will significantly reduce the growth of resistance of uropathogens.

The purpose of this work was to identify ways to increase public awareness of the monitoring system for adverse drug reactions.
For this purpose, a systematic analysis of the literature from available sources in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Trip Database, Cochrane Library databases was carried out.
The main way to collect information about adverse drug reactions for pharmacovigilance is through a system of spontaneous reports that can be sent by healthcare professionals and patients. Today, both the WHO and the European Union recognize the importance of direct patient reporting in order to detect new and rare adverse reactions in a timely manner. However, despite this, there are problems of under-reporting of adverse drug reactions and patient’s low awareness of the pharmacovigilance system. This publication analyzes the reasons for under-reporting and activities aimed at promoting and increasing the number of reports of adverse reactions based on the experience of different countries.
Given the difference in cultures and values of countries, as well as the variability of conditions today, the methods used may not always be suitable for a complete solution of the problem. Therefore, the development of new and adaptation of already created methods is a topical issue today.

The current state analysis of the GPP provision in Kazakhstan and in foreign countries implementation was conducted. It showed a problem of implementing this standard not only in Kazakhstan, but also in many countries of the world, especially, in low-income countries. There are various ways to increase public awareness of responsible health care through the media, but the most effective one is through the person who sells the drugs to the patient, i.e. the pharmacist. In this regard, it is necessary to take measures to implement this standard in pharmacy practice. The pharmacists should talk to patients about healthy lifestyles and disease prevention.

There are many unresolved issues in terms of the volume and structure of medical services provided in the Karaganda region. To solve these problems, a wide range of opportunities and methods are offered, such opportunities are available for patients to receive the necessary medical care on the ground. The object of our study was the regional medical center, where one of the first in the region introduced elements of high-tech medical care to the population. Every year the number of patients treated in the regional medical center increases in the region, if in 2017 1935 patients received specialized, including high-tech medical care, then in 2019 the number of patients who received specialized and highly specialized medical care was received by 2862 patients. In general, this growth was 47%. It should also be noted that there is a positive trend in the provision of highly specialized medical care in the Karaganda region, a slight increase in 2021 compared to 2017 by 1.2 times in the number of residents who received highly specialized medical care, which is included in the basic program of compulsory medical insurance.

The article considers the effectiveness of interdisciplinary approach for teaching of students of the specialty Dentistry by the module discipline «Molecular and cellular biology with basics of genetics in dentistry», «Medical biophysics» and some methods of its evaluation in the Karaganda Medical University. Conducted survey demonstrate the students’ readiness for integrated perception, ability to think interdisciplinary and form the overall picture of the organism’s development and functioning regularities.

Introduction. The “Umbrella Mentoring” structured approach is combining: mentoring, supervision, training, tutoring and instruction. It can be the key to structuring and managing the process of forming the professional identity of future specialists. The aim of the study was to identify the structure of approaches used by clinical mentors of therapeutic specialties residents in practice-oriented training.
Material and methods: during research were analyzed 16 clinical mentor’s essays of 6 therapeutic profile residency specialties, where 13 mentors were employees of the Regional Clinical Hospital, 3 of them were from “Center of Hematology” LLP.
The study results showed that all mentors used such approaches as “training”, “coaching” and “observation”. Mentors with extensive work experience emphasized the need of constant self-improvement skill, ability to work in an interdisciplinary team. Also, they noticed the importance of creating a favorable, comfortable environment for residents to effectively study and expressed concern about the further routing of young professionals after the residency.
Conclusions: Thus, during the process of clinical training, mentors of therapeutic specialties residency use various approaches that allow taking into account individual abilities, attitudes, motivation, and needs of students.

Now it is used the variant teaching methods for qualifications of the public health professionals.
This article considers the implementation of the active teaching methods in interdisciplinary learning.
The teachers of department history of Kazakhstan and social-political disciplines conducted the interdisciplinary lessons with using of active teaching methods. The using interdisciplinary learning at the lessons in the modern education is connecting with looking of reformation ways of classic learning into more effective. It is natural that there is a historical continuity in the modernization of the political system of independent Kazakhstan, the formation of a creative personality of the intellectual society and the study of new aspects of national history. Modern history of Kazakhstan is an integral part of the history of the Kazakh and other peoples living in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the history of all mankind. Today, universities pay more attention to professional training in the training of future professionals. Part of it is the formation of students’ communication competencies in the study of disciplines through interdisciplinary communication in various spheres of society.
We concluded that given concept is effective necessary for qualifications of marketability professionals at the contemporary world.

The article outlines the actual problems of digitalization in the field of higher education. The main directions of application of digitalization in education, as well as the difficualties and prospects of the digital educational environment are presented. In conclusion, the authors conclude that the digitalization of education leads to the transformation of the education model and to the modification of the functional responsibilities of university teachers, as well as changes in communication between them.

The article is devoted to the introduction of active methods into the educational process, such as work in small groups, team-oriented learning. Guidelines on organic chemistry for teachers on active teaching methods have been developed. The goals, objectives and main methodological principles of conducting one of the methods of problem-team learning are described. The developed situational tasks for the practical lesson and the criteria for evaluating all types of students’ activities in the lesson are given. The analysis of the feedback from the students of the specialties “Pharmacy” and “Technology of Pharmaceutical Production” is described after classes using active learning methods

One of the paradigms of Kazakhstan’s education is the humanization of education, in particular, it concerns medical universities. The discipline «Bioethics» contributes to the convergence of problems of natural science and humanities. The authors of the article investigate the main methodological provisions and philosophical justification of the relevance of the elective «Bioethics» for medical universities.

Inflammatory bowel disease, in particular Crohn’s disease, is currently one of the most serious and actual problems in gastroenterology and coloproctology. This article presents a clinical case that demonstrates the difficulties and errors in the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the urgent problems of modern pediatrics and nephrology, which is associated with a persistent increase in the frequency of chronic progressive kidney diseases, the development of chronic renal failure (CRF) and early disability of patients already in early childhood. This article will describe a clinical case in which the features of the development of CRF in a child with a congenital malformation of the urinary system (MVS) diagnosed in late pregnancy are revealed. The article provides anamnesis, dynamics of the clinical picture, indicators of laboratory and instrumental studies, treatment performed at the outpatient and inpatient stages. At the moment, the renal function of the child is compensated by peritoneal dialysis (PD) and the only option for a favorable outcome for this child is a kidney transplant.

The above clinical observation describes a case of pancreatoduodenal resection performed by Whipple during intraoperative verification of pancreatic head cancer complicated by decompensated stenosis of the cortical part of the duodenum. Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death. One of the standard treatments for operable tumors is the classic Whipple operation. Whipple surgery is a complex high—risk surgical intervention, the mortality rate remains high. The peculiarity of the considered clinical case is the success of the performed pancreatoduodenal resection by Whipple, despite the presence of complications of the underlying condition and comorbidity of the patient. The anamnesis of the disease and all stages of diagnostic search are analyzed in detail.