Literature sources devoted to the prevalence, nature and severity of histopathological damage to the placenta in preeclampsia and chronic hypoxic damage to the fetus were analyzed. Uteroplacental hypoxia may link many of the effects of placental dysfunction to adverse effects on the mother and fetus that occur with many complications of pregnancy, such as preeclampsia. Pregnancy compromised by maternal exposure to hypoxia is not only a major risk factor for fetal growth retardation, but also contributes to adverse changes in the placenta, which can lead to adverse consequences for the physiology of the mother and offspring. A literature review of the available studies revealed differences in the description of placental lesions between studies on the histopathological features of the placenta in hypoxic fetal injury and preeclampsia with early and late onset. Most studies on placental pathology and preeclampsia focus on the presence or absence of placental lesions in general, but do not investigate the relationship between specific placental lesions in preeclampsia and the degree of hypoxic damage to the fetus. A more detailed study of the morphological patterns of the placenta in preeclampsia with hypoxic damage to the fetus can provide additional information on the mechanisms of preeclampsia and criteria for postnatal assessment of hypoxic damage to the fetus.

About one third of ischemic strokes of undetermined etiology are due to atrial fibrillation. This type of arrhythmia can have an asymptomatic or subclinical course, which makes it difficult to diagnose. With the development of modern devices for monitoring heart rate, long-term monitoring and documentation of atrial fibrillation has become possible. An important consequence of the detection of atrial fibrillation is the anticoagulant therapy for the prevention of thromboembolic complications.

The aim of our work was to analyze the frequency of occurrence, type of conflict, and features of the course of hemolytic disease of newborns at the present stage. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical histories of newborns born in 2019 in the LLP «RGC» of Karaganda. The analysis showed that the proportion of newborns with hemolytic disease for the analyzed period was 0.7%, the incidence rate was 7 per 1000 newborns born alive. ABO -isoimmunization was more than 10 times higher than Rh-isoimmunization in newborns. Timely diagnosis and treatment contributed to a favorable prognosis and the absence of complications. However, carrying out timely preventive measures for pregnant women prevents the birth of newborns with hemolytic disease.

The purpose of the study was to identify risk factors, features of the clinical and laboratory course of congenital pneumonia in newborns at the present stage. This study was carried out at RAGTs LLP in Karaganda in the period 2018-2019. The dependence of the course, the history of the disease on the health of the mother was established, the burdened anamnesis generally negatively affects the course of pregnancy and can serve as a trigger for the implementation of congenital infection in a newborn, and in particular, congenital pneumonia. Congenital pneumonia is more severe in premature babies.

The application of theoretical and practical foundations of minimally invasive pain therapy is becoming widespread in modern neurology, including dorsopathy. We have studied the basics of prescribing and using local injection therapy in 93 patients with severe pain syndrome (PS) of the cervical spine, on an outpatient practical basis at City Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Shymkent. The patients underwent a course of medical "paravertebral blockade" in three stages taking into account the manifestation of pain syndrome on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The technique and effect of using mixtures of solutions of diprospan, ketonal and cyanocobalamin in therapeutic blockades are investigated.

The aim: to assess the prognostic significance indicators of daily blood pressure monitoring (DBPM) in children, as independent risk factors for the development of damage to the cardiovascular system. 172 children were examined in accordance with the criteria of the modified classification «Task Force on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents». The analysis of the results showed a significant decrease in the average heart rate values, accompanying a decrease in the degree of nocturnal decline, which reflects a high correlation of the daily dynamics of heart rate and blood pressure, the correlation of the average nighttime heart rate and blood pressure. In the group of nondippers, the average values of the final diastolic size of the left ventricle (LV EchoCG ECD) were significantly low, and the level of total cholesterol was significantly higher.

Simultaneous operations have now become a daily part of surgical activity. They are modern, reasonable and effective surgical interventions, where modern minimally invasive technologies are widely used. It would seem that everything is clear: both economically for the hospital and psychologically for patients, it is more profitable to perform simultaneous operations, especially in their minimally invasive version. As the results of our studies have shown, combined surgical interventions, especially those performed from the same surgical approach, slightly increase the severity of the operation in comparison with the interventions performed for the same underlying disease. It is quite indicative that simultaneous operations do not lead to severe surgical complications, which would be characteristic only for this type of operation. The time required to complete a simultaneous operation is less than the total time required to complete each operation separately. Performing simultaneous operations insignificantly increases the duration of the operation, but at the same time, the average length of stay of patients in the hospital is preserved and the direct costs of treating patients are reduced. Reducing the duration of inpatient treatment in case of using the simultaneous surgical correction of several diseases in comparison with multistage surgical treatment, allows for highly qualified and specialized surgical care. It should be remembered that, despite the significant advantages of simultaneous operations, they must be performed according to strict indications and by a sufficiently qualified surgeon.

Studies on pigmented nevi (moles) attract medical attention by the fact that they signal to the specialized medical team possible malignant degeneration.. Nevi samples were taken from different areas of the body in children under the age of 18 years. The analysis of pigmented nevi is undertaken by observations on microscopic preparations, usually colored using the Hematoxylin & Eosin stain (H&E), which enables comparative analyzes to be made with the adjacent regions of the nevi. Collated data can include classifications by age groups, by sex, by urban or rural area. In order to advance medical education, capturing digital images of nevi can provide a powerful training tool. For example through the presentation of data to medical students it is possible to draw attention to the types of traumatized nevi that could possibly degenerate into malignancy.

The purpose of this review is to provide a fundamental understanding of cellular technologies for students, doctors, masters. Cell culture is an important technique in both cellular and molecular biology given that it provides the best platform for studying the normal physiology and biochemistry of cells. The reason for focusing on cell culture systems is because they are indispensable tools for basic research and a wide range of clinical in vitro studies. The review provides a critical analysis: both positive and negative aspects of cell technologies. Cell cultures can be used to mimic living conditions. The disadvantages include the fact that cell culture is still not an absolute model of a living organism, but only resembles the living conditions of living organisms. A further disadvantage is with contaminants of cell culture; these can be divided into chemical and biological contaminants. Working with cell culture is a financially costly laborious process: it requires modern equipment, specialized laboratory and well trained staff. The article discusses in detail the issues of the use of cell cultures in medicine, pharmaceutical industry and biology.

А survey of students and teachers of MUK about the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning in comparison with full-time education was carried out. As a result of the survey, it was concluded that online classes cannot replace the traditional form of training, but can be used as an additional teaching and learning method.

The article notes that due to the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus, a state of emergency is being introduced, and students of all universities are being trained using distance learning technologies. Online and Offline learning is a form of organizing teacher training using Internet resources at a certain distance at the current time by viewing from the screen and exchanging information. Ability to use the Microsoft Teams and Webex Meetings platforms. Ability to master the disadvantages of distance learning technology via the Internet. Improve online knowledge, update your knowledge in the information space.

The aspects of building of ntegrated program «Fundamentals of Pharmacology and Medical Chemistry» within the framework of the «Fundamentals of Living Systems Functioning» module for teaching students of the «General Medicine» specialty are considered. Attention is drawn to the formation of a thematic plan in the process of studying the issues of pharmacology and medicinal chemistry. The combination of various elements of the disciplines eliminated the duplication of the same medical concepts and focused on the key points of the integrated discipline. This made it possible to form the specifics of an integrated approach to the study by students of various disciplines, such as chemistry, and pharmacology, as well as to stimulate the acquisition of knowledge from various sources in solving the set interdisciplinary problems. The criteria for student achievement were studied over several years of study. Conclusions are made on the effectiveness of the implementation of an integrated discipline in the educational process based on the results of the work done. It is shown that the formed interdisciplinary connections made it possible to update the content, form, methods and means of teaching in order to form the professional competencies of students. The results of the introduction of interdisciplinary integration into the educational process, which confirmed the statement about the effectiveness of this learning technology, were obtained. Integration provides an organic fusion of content, methods and forms of organization of the educational process.

The article is devoted to the study of problems in the field of quality management of the educational process in a medical university on the basis of feedback from interns of the 7th year studying remotely. The relevance of the problem under study is due to the increasing role of systematic and organized feedback between the participants of the modern educational process with its attitude to active learning. The results showed that interns are full-fledged and objective evaluators of the quality of education received. Feedback data allows us to improve the educational process qualitatively.

In most cases, COVID-19 is easier in children than in adults. However, starting in March 2020, from a number of European countries and the United States, there have been reports of children with a new disease, showing signs of Kawasaki and toxic shock syndrome, which have received one of the names - pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19. The largest number of clinical and laboratory-instrumental manifestations and outcomes of pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome associated with COVID-19 were carried out in Italy, France, Switzerland, England, and the United States. A retrospective analysis of the medical histories of 5 children diagnosed with inflammatory multisystem syndrome associated with COVID-19, hospitalized at the Infection Center of the Regional Clinical Hospital, was carried out.