Evaluation of the effectiveness of osteoregeneration using rhBMP-2 and bone allograft on a model of femoral defect in rabbits

Aim. To carry out a histological and histomorphometric assessment of bone tissue regeneration processes using a bone allograph prepared according to the Marburg bone bank system in combination with rhBMP-2 on a rabbit femoral defect model.

Materials and methods. In this study, 2 groups were formed, each with 24 subjects (rabbits), who had a defect with a diameter of 5 mm in the distal metaphysis of the femur. In group 1, the defect was filled with bone allograft in combination with rhBMP-2. In group 2, the defect was filled with bone allograft without additional drugs. Further, histological and statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out.

Results. On day 14, in the AG+rhBMP-2 group, newly formed bone tissue amounted to 34.75±5.67% of the total area of the cortical plate defect. On day 30, in the AG+rhBMP-2 group, the closure of the cortical plate defect was 79.12±14.32%, the newly formed bone tissue covered 80.75% of the length and 71.37% of the thickness of the cortical plate. On day 60 in the AG+rhBMP-2 group, newly formed bone tissue covered the total area of the cortical plate defect by 64.50±27.73%, length by 62%, and thickness by 65.25%.

Discussion. The data obtained indicate an acceleration of osteoregeneration in the early stages of bone plate restoration in the AG+rhBMP-2 group, however, the results obtained by 60 days were extremely heterogeneous, indicating the dysenergic effect of rhBMP-2 on mesenchymal progenitor cells and the associated excessive resorptive effect of rhBMP-2 in some cases.

Conclusion. According to the results of this study, it can be seen that the use of bone allograft in combination with rhBMP-2 at the late stages of bone regeneration leads to unsatisfactory results, which manifests itself in the form of high heterogeneity of the data obtained, among which, in a significant part of cases, there is not sufficient closure of the defect with newly formed bone tissue.

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