Особенности навигационной и вакцинационной грамотности студентов г. Караганды

Цель. Оценить уровень навигационной и вакцинационной грамотности среди студентов трёх вузов г. Караганды и выявить факторы, влияющие на данные показатели.

Материалы и методы. В кросс-секционном исследовании приняли участие 1 327 студентов Карагандинского университета им. академика Е. А. Букетова, Карагандинского технического университета им. Абылкаса Сагинова и Медицинского университета Караганды. Использовали международные опросники HLS19-NAV и HLS19-VAC, переведённые на русский и казахский языки и валидированные в Казахстане. Собранные данные о социодемографических характеристиках, поведении в отношении здоровья и самооценке здоровья проанализированы с использованием описательной статистики, корреляционного анализа Пирсона, t-теста, ANOVA и линейной регрессии.

Результаты и обсуждение. Средний балл навигационный грамотности среди всех респондентов составил 87,18±14,16 (отличный уровень), средний балл вакцинационной грамотности – 82,6±20,2 (хороший уровень). Наиболее высокие показатели навигационной и вакцинационной грамотности выявлены у студентов медицинских специальностей. Респонденты, ранее обученные базовым навыкам жизнеобеспечения, имели существенно более высокие уровни (p<0,001). Финансовая доступность лекарств и медицинских услуг также положительно коррелировала с показателями грамотности (p<0,05). При этом студенты, употребляющие алкоголь или имеющие хронические заболевания, характеризовались более низкими показателями навигационной и/или вакцинационной грамотности.

Выводы. Средние показатели навигационной и вакцинационной грамотности оказались выше у студентов медицинских специальностей, а уровень курса обучения и наличие базовых навыков жизнеобеспечения положительно коррелировали с грамотностью.

По результатам множественной линейной регрессии, на повышение навигационной и вакцинационной грамотности статистически значимо влияли факторы: городской район проживания, наличие навыков оказания базовой медицинской помощи, более высокий социально-экономический статус. К снижению навигационной и вакцинационной грамотности приводили: проблемы со здоровьем в семье, затруднённая доступность медицинских услуг и хронические заболевания.

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