Навигационная и вакцинационная грамотность в отношении здоровья

Изучен международный опыт и провести анализ литературы по навигационной и вакцинационной грамотности в вопросах здоровья. Проведен обзорный анализ научных публикаций, посвященных навигационной и вакцинационной грамотности в вопросах здоровья. Для сбора данных были использованы базы данных PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, Scopus, также некоторые медицинские журналы. Критериями отбора были: использование ключевых слов (navigational health literacy, vaccination health literacy, health literacy, навигационная грамотность, вакцинационная грамотность, медицинская грамотность), бесплатный доступ к полному тексту, временной промежуток с 2000 по 2023 года. Всего было проанализировано 176 работ, из них отобраны 83.

Навигационная и вакцинационная грамотность формируются под влиянием социально-демографических и экономических факторов, уровня образования, доступности информации и организации медицинских услуг. Навигационная грамотность зависит от структуры медицинских учреждений, удобства записи на прием и цифровых навыков. Вакцинационная грамотность определяется пониманием принципов вакцинации, доверием к медицинским провайдерам и критическим мышлением в оценке информации. Основные барьеры включают дезинформацию, страх осложнений и антивакцинальные настроения. Восприятие риска играет ключевую роль в принятии решений о вакцинации, особенно среди родителей и пожилых людей.

Навигационная и вакцинационная грамотность играют ключевую роль в доступности медицинских услуг и успешной иммунизации. Анализ исследований показал, что организация медицинского пространства, доступность информации и доверие к вакцинации влияют на удовлетворенность пациентов и их поведение. Основные барьеры включают информационные и технологические препятствия, а также антивакцинальные настроения. Улучшение медицинской грамотности и оптимизация сервисов могут повысить уровень вакцинации и укрепить общественное здоровье.

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