Перспективы использования обогащенной тромбоцитами плазмы и производных жировой ткани в хирургической регенеративной медицине

Введение. Производные жировой ткани и плазма, обогащенная тромбоцитами (PRP), представляют собой перспективные средства регенеративной медицины и эстетической хирургии благодаря способности стимулировать восстановление тканей, усиливать ангиогенез и снижать воспаление. Их комбинированное применение активно внедряется в реконструктивной и пластической хирургии.

Цель. Оценить биологические функции и клинический потенциал производных жировой ткани и PRP в хирургии, особенно в контексте увеличения выживаемости жировых трансплантатов и регенерации тканей.

Проведён систематический обзор литературы с использованием баз данных PubMed, Scopus и Web of Science по протоколу PRISMA. Включались оригинальные исследования, обзоры и клинические испытания, посвящённые биологическим свойствам, механизмам действия и хирургическим результатам применения жировой ткани и PRP.

Жировая ткань содержит мультипотентные мезенхимальные стволовые клетки, способствующие ангиогенезу, иммуномодуляции и ремоделированию внеклеточного матрикса. PRP богат факторами роста, которые поддерживают клеточную пролиферацию, интеграцию трансплантата и контроль воспаления. Совместное использование PRP и жира улучшает приживление трансплантата и результаты заживления. Клинико-экспериментальные данные подтверждают улучшенные функциональные и эстетические результаты при реконструкции лица, заживлении ран и операциях на молочной железе.

Заключение. Комбинация PRP и жировых производных открывает значительные перспективы в хирургической регенеративной медицине. Однако разнообразие методов подготовки и применения затрудняет сравнение результатов. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования для стандартизации подходов и расширения клинического применения.

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