Predictors of peripheral polyneuropathy depending on the type of pathology

The purpose of our work was to analyze and summarize the literature data on the types of etiological factors, prevalence, diagnostic criteria and methods of therapy of polyneuropathies. To do this, we analyzed systematic reviews, clinical, randomized studies of scientific medical databases: PubMed, Cochrane, reviews of medical journals over the past 10 years. There were data on a more frequent occurrence of polyneuropathy among males, as well as an increase in the risk of developing peripheral polyneuropathy with age. The most common endocrinological disease that causes polyneuropathy is diabetes mellitus, while the presence of metabolic syndrome, metformin intake worsens its course. Other causes of the development of polyneuropathy are systemic connective tissue diseases (such as systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, Sjogren’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Behcet’s disease), CKD, COPD, deficiency of the internal factor Castle, which occurs with gastritis, subtotal gastric resection, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, betathalassemia, myeloma, lymphoblastic leukemia. We have not found reliable data indicating a link between cardiovascular pathology and the development of polyneuropathy, but the fact that they worsen their prognosis remains indisputable. Among infectious diseases, hepatitis C virus, coronavirus infection are the most aggressive against the peripheral nervous system, followed by Campylobacter jejuni, influenza A and B virus, hepatitis A, B virus, etc. Drug-induced polyneuropathy can be caused by platinum preparations, anti-tuberculosis drugs. In addition, hereditary peripheral neuropathies should be distinguished, the frequency of occurrence of which is 1:2500. Alcohol abuse causes polyneuropathy in 90% of cases, while there is a correlation between the duration of alcohol abuse and the development of polyneuropathy.
The prevalence of polyneuropathies has not been studied enough, but there is evidence that this disease is very common among residents of Malaysia, Albania, Ecuador, Spain, India, Italy, USA, Finland, Australia, Germany.
To diagnose polyneuropathy, it is mandatory to conduct a thorough neurological examination (the most sensitive sign is a violation of the reflexes of the ankle joint), electrophysiological data (sural amplitudes SNAP (sensory nerve action potential) and peroneal CMAP (com pound muscle action potential) are considered the most sensitive and reliable for detecting distal symmetrical polyneuropathy), blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid studies.
The tactics of treatment of polyneuropathy depends on the etiological factor and includes non-drug and drug therapies.

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