MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE PLACENTA ASSOCIATED WITH PREECLAMPSIA AND CHRONIC HYPOXIC DAMAGE OF THE FETUS

Literature sources devoted to the prevalence, nature and severity of histopathological damage to the placenta in preeclampsia and chronic hypoxic damage to the fetus were analyzed. Uteroplacental hypoxia may link many of the effects of placental dysfunction to adverse effects on the mother and fetus that occur with many complications of pregnancy, such as preeclampsia. Pregnancy compromised by maternal exposure to hypoxia is not only a major risk factor for fetal growth retardation, but also contributes to adverse changes in the placenta, which can lead to adverse consequences for the physiology of the mother and offspring. A literature review of the available studies revealed differences in the description of placental lesions between studies on the histopathological features of the placenta in hypoxic fetal injury and preeclampsia with early and late onset. Most studies on placental pathology and preeclampsia focus on the presence or absence of placental lesions in general, but do not investigate the relationship between specific placental lesions in preeclampsia and the degree of hypoxic damage to the fetus. A more detailed study of the morphological patterns of the placenta in preeclampsia with hypoxic damage to the fetus can provide additional information on the mechanisms of preeclampsia and criteria for postnatal assessment of hypoxic damage to the fetus.

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