ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC BRAIN CHANGES IN STUDENTS WHO HAVE SUFFERED A CORONAVIRUS INFECTION OF VARYING SEVERITY

Introduction. The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), which led to the development of a global pandemic in 2020, is characterized not only by a high risk of pneumonia and multiple organ failure, but also by manifestations of the central nervous system (CNS). The relevance of the article is due to the lack of research and the high frequency of damage to the circulatory system in the brain.

Aim. To study the parameters of electroencephalography in the post–cortical period according to the reactions of the cerebral vessels of students, depending on the severity of the disease.

Materials and methods. At the 1st stage of the study, a questionnaire dynamic examination of 48 students of the 1st-2nd year of the medical university of the specialty «General Medicine» was conducted and their physiological state after the coronavirus infection and 10 students who were not sick with coronavirus as a control group were analyzed. The age of the study participants ranged from 17 to 19 years, the average age was 18.37+0.44 years, which generally corresponded to the indicators of the main group. The majority of students 37 (77%) lived in a family, and 23% in a dormitory (11 people), as they came from other regions of Kazakhstan. There were no disability limitations in the study participants. The majority of the 30 students tested (62.5%) were right-handed.

Results and discussion. The method of analyzing EEG microstates turned out to be the most indicative, which allowed us to identify specific and quantitative characteristics of changes in the bioelectric activity of the brain, recorded on a routine electroencephalogram only within the framework of general diffuse changes in the bioelectric activity of the brain in the beta activity range. The functional restructuring of the neuronal macro-networks of the brain, regardless of the severity of COVID, was characterized by dynamic changes that make it possible to trace the characteristic adaptation of the organism. However, the brain activity of students with a moderate degree compared with the pronounced form of COVID was characterized by more pronounced changes in the duration of the 1st and 4th grades of EEG microstates, which was clinically manifested by impaired perception of new information and difficulties in decision-making.

Conclusion. Adaptive reactions of hypotonic-type cerebral vessels with gender differences were revealed: in students, we identified changes that can be interpreted as «compensatory», allowing the examined to restore their «social status», but at the same time maintain a number of subjective manifestations that gradually regressed by the end of the 5th month of recovery. The results can be used by medical professionals and physiologists.

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