MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE LUNGS IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL PNEUMONIA

Aim. To study the features of morphological changes in the lungs in children with congenital pneumonia of various etiologies.

Materials and methods. A retrospective study of the lungs of children of the pathoanatomic department of the Regional Children's Clinical Hospital (Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan) from 2020 to 2023 was conducted. Protocols of pathoanatomic autopsies of 18 corpses under the age of 1 month who died of congenital pneumonia were analyzed.

Results and discussion. It was found that the macroscopic signs of pneumonia are a mottled appearance of the lungs, alternating dark areas of atelectasis and light swollen emphysematous fields in the dead during the first 1-3 days of life are poorly expressed, but increase by 5-7 days, when more significant lesions of the lung tissue are observed. Microscopically, the most common changes include circulatory disorders, the formation of foci of distelectases, lymphocytic infiltration, often with an admixture of erythrocytes, the presence of fibrin, the formation of hyaline membranes and edematous hemorrhagic syndrome, especially in premature infants with gestational immaturity of the lungs.

Conclusions. Macro- and micro-preparations of lung tissue obtained during autopsy indicate serious changes in the lung tissue and circulatory system, which can have significant clinical consequences for the health of newborns.

1. Abramova I.V. Kliniko-laboratornye kriterii diagnostiki vnutriutrobnyh infekcij u novorozhdennyh. Saratov; 2010: 120.

2. Bashmakova M.A., Savicheva A.M. Vrozhdennye i perinatal'nye infekcii: problemy i reshenija. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskih boleznej. 2010; 5: 62-66.

3. Geppe N.A., Rozinova N.N., Volkov I.K. i dr. Novaja rabochaja klassifikacija bronholegochnyh zabolevanij u detej. Doktor. Ru. 2009; 2: 7-13.

4. Kamyshanskij E.K., Kostyleva O.A., Tusupbekova M.M., Musabekova S.A., Zhuravlev S.N. Narushenie rosta i nezrelost' placenty kak nezavisimye faktory riska perinatal'nyh oslozhnenij. MEDICINE. 2016; 12 (174): 132-129.

5. Neonatologija. M.: GJeOTAR-Media; 2008: 750.

6. Nesterov Ju.N., Remneva O.V., Nevskaja O.V. Akusherskie i perinatal'nye faktory riska formirovanija vnutriutrobnyh pnevmonij. Rossijskij pediatricheskij zhurnal. 2008; 3: 166-173.

7. Nisevich L.L., Talalaev A.G., Kask L.N. Virusnaja infekcija sredi prichin mertvorozhdenija po materialam autopsii i virusologicheskih issledovanij. Detskie infekcii. 2011; 10 (2): 8-14.

8. Platonova O.A., Grak JI.B., Al'ferovich E.H. Analiz faktorov riska i kliniko-rentgenologicheskie osobennosti vrozhdennoj pnevmonii u donoshennyh novorozhdennyh. Medicinskij zhurnal. 2011; 4: 98102.

9. Tusupbekova M.M. Kurkin A.V. Akashev G.V. Bajmuradov S.Zh. Strukturnaja nezrelost' legkih u donoshennyh novorozhdennyh detej. M.; 1999: 280.

10. Chernjahovskij O.B, Abramova I.V., Poljanchikova O.L. Vnutriutrobnye infekcii u novorozhdennyh, faktory riska. Rossijskij vestnik perinatologii i pediatrii. 2009; 1: 89-95.

11. Baptiste K.R., Salafia C.M., Nicholson W.K., Anne D., Wang N.Y., BrancatiF.L.. Maternal risk factor for abnormal placental growth. The National Collaborative Perinatal Project. 2008; 8: 44.

12. Coan P.M., Angiolini E., Sandovici I. Adaptations in placental nutrient transfer capacity to meet fetal growth demands depend on placental size in mice. The Journal of physiology. 2008; 1: 4567-4576.

13. Seidmann L., Kamyshanskiy Y., Martin S.Z., Fruth A., Roth W. Immaturity for gestational age of microvasculature and placental barrier in term placentas with high weight. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 2017; 15: 134-140.