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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medecol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина и экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medicine and ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-6045</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-6053</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Карагандинский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.59598/ME-2305-6053-2025-114-1-30-38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medecol-917</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вирус ветряной оспы: естественное течение, клинические проявления, иммунитет, генетическое разнообразие, текущие и будущие стратегии вакцинации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Varicella virus: natural course, clinical manifestations, immunity, genetic diversity, current and future vaccination strategies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алшимбаева</surname><given-names>З. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alshimbayeva</surname><given-names>Z. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зарина Ерсаиновна Алшимбаева – PhD-докторант, кафедра инфекционных болезней и фтизиатрии  </p><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zarina Еrsainovna Alshimbaeva – Department of Infectious Diseases and</p><p>100000, Karaganda, Gogol st., 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zarya_995@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бегайдарова</surname><given-names>Р. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Begaydarova</surname><given-names>R. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра инфекционных болезней и фтизиатрии </p><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Infectious Diseases and</p><p>100000, Karaganda, Gogol st., 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадырова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadyrova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательская лаборатория </p><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Laboratory of Institute of life sciences</p><p>100000, Karaganda, Gogol st., 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">НАО «Карагандинский медицинский университет»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Karaganda Medical University NC JSC<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алшимбаева З.Е., Бегайдарова Р.Х., Кадырова И.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алшимбаева З.Е., Бегайдарова Р.Х., Кадырова И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alshimbayeva Z.E., Begaydarova R.K., Kadyrova I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/917">https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/917</self-uri><abstract><p>Возбудитель ветряной оспы распространен повсеместно. У детей, особенно с отягощенным преморбидным фоном, отмечается высокая частота развития тяжелых форм и осложнений. Необходимо широкое применение специфической профилактики.</p><p>По расчетным данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, 4,2 миллиона зарегистрированных случаев тяжелых осложнений ветряной оспы приводили к 4200 случаям смерти. Тяжелое течение ветряной оспы, присоединение осложнений и смертность характерны для новорожденных и лиц с нарушениями иммунной системы. У умерших пациентов с ветряной оспой были выявлены следующие осложнения: бактериальные(55%), пневмонии (54%), геморрагические (41%), со стороны центральной нервной системы (33%).</p><p>Генетическое разнообразие возбудителя ветряной оспы играет ключевую роль в его патогенности, эпидемиологии и реакции на вакцинацию. Несмотря на успешные программы вакцинации, вирус продолжает циркулировать в популяции, что подчеркивает необходимость глубокого понимания его генетического разнообразия. Генетическое разнообразие вирусов ветряной оспы может влиять на патогенность, иммунный ответ и эффективность вакцины, что делает его важным предметом исследования. Всемирные результаты исследований в этой области подчеркивают важность генетического мониторинга возбудителя ветряной оспы для понимания его эволюции и разработки эффективных стратегий вакцинации и лечения. Эти результаты могут быть полезны эпидемиологам, иммунологам, вирусологам и специалистам по инфекционным заболеваниям.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The causative agent of varicella virus is widespread. In children, especially with a complicated premorbid background, there is a high incidence of severe forms and complications. Widespread use of specific prophylaxis is necessary.</p><p>According to WHO estimates, 4.2 million registered cases of severe complications of chickenpox resulted in 4,200 deaths. Severe course of varicella virus, addition of complications and mortality are typical for newborns and individuals with impaired immune system. The following complications were identified in deceased patients with varicella virus: bacterial (55%), pneumonia (54%), hemorrhagic (41%), from the central nervous system (33%).</p><p>The genetic diversity of causative agent of varicella virus plays a key role in its pathogenicity, epidemiology and response to vaccination. Despite successful vaccination programs, the virus continues to circulate in the population, which emphasizes the need for a deep understanding of its genetic diversity. Genetic diversity of varicella-zoster viruses may influence pathogenicity, immune response, and vaccine efficacy, making it an important subject of research. Global research results in this area highlight the importance of causative agent of chickenpox genetic monitoring for understanding its evolution and developing effective vaccination and treatment strategies. These results may be useful for epidemiologists, immunologists, virologists, and infectious disease specialists.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус ветряной оспы</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>вакцнация</kwd><kwd>иммунитет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>varicella virus</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd><kwd>immunity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бегайдарова Р.Х., Садибекова М. Б., Сатибалдиева А. Д. Клинический случай негладкого течения ветряной оспы с бактериальной флоры у ребенка на фоне дефицитных состояний. 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