medecolМедицина и экологияMedicine and ecology2305-60452305-6053Карагандинский медицинский университет10.59598/ME-2305-6053-2025-114-1-8-16medecol-915Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSЭффективность и безопасность аутологичной плазмы, обогащенной тромбоцитамиEfficiency and safety of autologous platelet-rich plasmaКошкинбаеваА. Р.KoshkinbayevaA. R.

Алина Робертовна Кошкинбаева – PhD докторант, кафедра семейной медицины 

100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40

Alina Robertovna Koshkinbayeva – PhD student, Department of Family medicine

100008, Karaganda, Gogolya St., 40

shar_surgeon89@mai.ruОгизбаеваА. В.OgizbayevaA. V.

Кафедра скорой медицинской помощи, анестезиологии и реаниматологии 

100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40

Department of Emergency Medical Care, Anesthesiology, and Resuscitation

100008, Karaganda, Gogolya St., 40

eleusizova.a@kgmu.kzПонамареваО. А.PonamarevaO. A.

Кафедра биомедицины 

100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40

Department of Biomedicine

100008, Karaganda, Gogolya St., 40

Ponamareva@qmu.kzОмаркуловБ. К.OmarkulovB. K.

Кафедра семейной медицины 

100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40

 

Department of Family medicine

100008, Karaganda, Gogolya St., 40

ЮцковскаяЯ. А.YutskovskaYa. A.

129626, г. Москва, вн. тер. г. муниципальный округ Алексеевский, проспект Мира, д.102, стр. 26, помещ. 8 H/2

129626, Moscow, inner-city municipal district Alekseevsky, Mira Avenue, 102, building 26, room 8N/2

ryazanova_lora@mail.ruНАО «Карагандинский Медицинский университет»КазахстанNJSC «Karaganda Medical University»KazakhstanООО «Клиника профессора Юцковской»РоссияLLC «Clinic of Professor Yutskovskaya»Russian Federation20251605202501816Copyright © Кошкинбаева А.Р., Огизбаева А.В., Понамарева О.А., Омаркулов Б.К., Юцковская Я.А., 20252025Кошкинбаева А.Р., Огизбаева А.В., Понамарева О.А., Омаркулов Б.К., Юцковская Я.А.Koshkinbayeva A.R., Ogizbayeva A.V., Ponamareva O.A., Omarkulov B.K., Yutskovska Y.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/915

Целью данного литературного обзора является предоставление актуальных результатов исследований эффективности и обоснованности применения аутологичной плазмы, обогащенной тромбоцитами в различных сферах медицины, а также освещение нерешенных вопросов и проблем в данной сфере. По результатам поиска в базах данных Scopus и Pubmed по ключевым словам «platelet rich plasma», «safety», «effects» найдено 590 публикаций за последние 5 лет, большая часть из которых выполнена в сфере ортопедии, гинекологии и дерматологии.

Аутологичная плазма, обогащенная тромбоцитами (platelet-rich plasma) на сегодняшний день широко применяется в различных сферах медицины. Аутологичная плазма, обогащенная тромбоцитами, получила такое широкое применение, так она высвобождает многочисленные хемокины, цитокины и факторы роста, которые стимулируют ангиогенез, ремоделирование внеклеточного матрикса, а также дифференцировку и пролиферацию клеток. Множество проведенных исследований показывает положительные местные эффекты применения аутологичной плазмы, обогащенной тромбоцитами: более ранние васкуляризация, эпителизация, ремоделирование и регенерация тканей. Однако в настоящее время исследования по клинической эффективности аутологичной плазмы, обогащенной тромбоцитами, не являются окончательными и однородными. Гетерогенность препаратов аутологичной плазмы, обогащенной тромбоцитами (различные методики приготовления, разная концентрация тромбоцитов и факторов роста, влияние возраста, пола, сопутствующей патологии пациента), затрудняет интерпретацию существующей литературы и ограничивает способность давать окончательные рекомендации по клинической эффективности аутологичной плазмы, обогащенной тромбоцитами. Сегодня нет единого стандартного алгоритма подготовки аутологичной плазмы, обогащенной тромбоцитами, а также четких критериев для установки показаний к проведению данной процедуры. Остаются нерешенными вопросы: эффективного метода подготовки аутологичной плазмы, обогащенной тромбоцитами, оптимальной концентрации тромбоцитов и факторов роста, недостаточно изучены все молекулярные механизмы действия аутологичной плазмы, обогащенной тромбоцитами, способствующие регенерации тканей, а также системные реакции на введение аутологичной плазмы, обогащенной тромбоцитами. Необходимо дальнейшее проведение наиболее качественных исследований для решение всех поставленных вопросов.

The purpose of this literature review is to provide relevant research results on the efficiency and validity of the platelet-rich plasma in various fields of medicine as well as to cover some unresolved issues and problems in this area. If one searches the keywords such as «platelet-rich plasma», «safety», «effects» in the Scopus and PubMed databases, 590 publications will be found over the past 5 years, most of which are in the field of orthopedics, gynecology and dermatology.

Autologous plasma enriched with platelets is widely used today in various fields of medicine. The platelet-rich plasma is so widely used because it releases numerous chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors that stimulate angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cell differentiation and proliferation. Numerous studies have shown positive local effects of the platelet-rich plasma: earlier vascularization, epithelialization, remodeling and tissue regeneration. However, current studies on the clinical efficiency of the platelet-rich plasma are not conclusive and homogeneous. The heterogeneity of the platelet-rich plasma specimens (different preparation methods, various concentrations of platelets and growth factors, the influence of age, sex, concomitant pathology of the patient) complicates the interpretation of the existing literature and limits the ability to give definitive recommendations on the clinical efficiency of the platelet-rich plasma. Presently, there is no comprehensive standard algorithm for the platelet-rich plasma preparation as well as no definite criteria for establishing indications for this procedure. The following issues remain unresolved: finding an effective method to prepare the platelet-rich plasma, determining the optimal concentration of platelets and growth factors, having insufficient knowledge about all molecular mechanisms of the platelet-rich plasma to promote tissue regeneration and systemic reactions to the introduction of the platelet-rich plasma. Further research is required to address all the issues raised.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.