medecolМедицина и экологияMedicine and ecology2305-60452305-6053Карагандинский медицинский университет10.59598/ME-2305-6045-2024-111-2-48-56medecol-686Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНАCLINICAL MEDICINEАнализ динамики экспрессии генов у пациентов с острым COVID-19 и в период восстановленияAnalysis of the dynamics of gene expression in patients with acute COVID-19 and in recovery periodКадыроваИ. А.KadyrovaI. A.

Ирина Адильевна Кадырова – PhD, ассоциированный профессор

100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40

Irina Adilevna Kadyrova – PhD, associated professor

100008, Karaganda city, Gogol st., 40

ikadyrova@qmu.kzБарханскаяВ. И.BarkhanskayaV. I.

010000, г. Астана, пр-т Кабанбай батыра, 53

010000, Astana city, Kabanbay batyr Ave., 53

nu@nu.edu.kzНаучно-исследовательская лаборатория НАО «Медицинский Университет Караганды»КазахстанThe scientific research laboratory of NC JSC «Karaganda Medical University»KazakhstanНазарбаев УниверситетКазахстанNazarbayev UniversityKazakhstan202430072024024856Copyright © Кадырова И.А., Барханская В.И., 20242024Кадырова И.А., Барханская В.И.Kadyrova I.A., Barkhanskaya V.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/686

Массовые заражения ранее неидентифицированным вирусом SARS-CoV-2 стали потрясением для мировой системы здравоохранения, а также вызовом для мировой науки. В то время как многие исследования сфокусировались на клинических проявлениях заболевания и методах его лечения, понимание молекулярных и генетических аспектов инфекции оказалось критически важным для понимания патогенетических механизмов взаимодействия хозяина и патогена. Особое внимание исследователями уделялось вопросам экспрессии генов и их регуляции в ответ на инфицирование SARS-CoV-2. В частности, авторами было проведено исследование экспрессии генов в рамках проекта «COVID-19: Научно-технологическое обоснование системы реагирования на распространение новых респираторных инфекций, включая коронавирусную инфекцию», результаты которого представлены в статье [1].

Вариации в экспрессии генов TLR 3 (Toll-Like receptor), TLR 7, TLR 4, ACE 2 (Angiotensing  converting enzyme), TMPRSS 13 (Transmembrane serine protease), INF-Ɣ (Interferon gamma) и IL 4 (Interleukin) были выявлены во всех исследованных группах, включая те, которые были оценены через шесть месяцев после восстановления.

Механизм защиты иммунной системы включает в себя вовлечение сигнальных путей toll-подобных рецепторов, которые контактируют с вирусными частицами. Более того, увеличение экспрессии ACE2 демонстрирует многофункциональную роль в качестве ворот для проникновения Sars-Cov-2 в клетки и активации реакций врожденного иммунитета. Тем не менее, повышенная регуляция INF-α и IL-4 как провоспалительных цитокинов способствовала инициации и прогрессированию цитокинового шторма. Таким образом, изменение экспрессии генов TLR 3, TLR 7, TLR 4, ACE 2, TMPRSS 13, INF-Ɣ, IL 4 наблюдалось во всех исследуемых группах, включая пациентов, наблюдаемых спустя 6 месяцев. Молекулярное понимание реакции хозяина на вирус может дать представление о патофизиологии заболевания и потенциальных терапевтических мишенях.

Massive infections of people with the previously unidentified SARS-CoV-2 virus have been a shock to the global healthcare system. While many studies have focused on the clinical manifestations of the disease and its treatment methods, understanding the molecular and genetic aspects of infection has proved critical to understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction. The scientists focused on issues of gene expression and their regulation in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In particular, we conducted a study of gene expression within the framework of the project «COVID-19: Scientific and technological justification of the response system to the spread of new respiratory infections, including coronavirus infection», the results of which are presented in the article [1].

Hence, variations in the gene expression profiles of TLR 3 (Toll-Like receptor), TLR 7, TLR 4, ACE 2 (Angiotensing converting enzyme), TMPRSS 13 (Transmembrane serine protease), INF-Ɣ (Interferon gamma), and IL 4 (Interleukin) were discerned across all investigated cohorts, including those assessed six months post-recovery. 

There is a complex of pathways of immune system to defense with the infection including the involvement of toll-like receptor signaling pathways which contact of viral particles. Moreover, the surge in ACE2 expression demonstrates the multifunctional role as gates for Sars-Cov-2 to enter cells and activation of innate immunity responses. Although, the upregulation of INF-Ɣ and IL-4 as proinflammatory cytokines were contributed to the initiation and the progression of the cytokine storm.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.