<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medecol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина и экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medicine and ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-6045</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-6053</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Карагандинский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.59598/ME-2305-6045-2023-106-1-45-49</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medecol-405</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Лабораторные методы пренатальной диагностики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Laboratory methods for prenatal diagnosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ческа</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chesca</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Факультет медицины</p><p>Брашов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Antonella Chesca – MD, PhD Head of Imagistic Department. at Clinic Lung  Physiology Hospital;</p><p>Head of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology at, Faculty of Medicine</p><p>Brasov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anto.chesca@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдулина</surname><given-names>Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdulina</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Караганда</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karaganda</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">университет Трансильвании г. Брашов<country>Румыния</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Transilvania University of Brasov<country>Romania</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Карагандинский медицинский университет<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Karaganda Medical University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ческа А., Абдулина Г., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ческа А., Абдулина Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chesca A., Abdulina G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/405">https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/405</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена пренатальной диагностике генетических аномалий плода, как важному этапу для выявления и предотвращения врожденных дефектов и генетических синдромов. Авторами показана многовекторность данной проблемы, что требует комплексного подхода и участия мультидисциплинарной команды специалистов, как гинекологов, рентгенологов, неонатологов, клинических генетиков, педиатров. Среди множества методов позволяющих диагностировать врожденную генетическую патологию в данной публикации выделена флуоресцентную гибридизация (ФГ) in situ. В сравнении с другими иммуногенетическими методами данная методика позволяет оценить генетический статус отдельной клетки и обнаружить несколько этиопатогенетически значимых аномальных клеток среди тысяч других с нормальным генотипом. В этом его преимущество в сравнении с ПЦР, при котором ДНК всех клеток смешивается и результат усредняется. В статье даны индикаторы при отборе пациентов для проведения скрининга на патологию плода. В настоящее время траектория пренатального скрининга в большинстве стран, состоит из аналогичных тестов. Идея нашей статьи как введение в более подробные этические дискуссии о пренатальном скрининге. Новый подход к пренатальному тестированию (ПНТ) будет полезен, зная современные диагностические тесты. Генетические тесты и общая тенденция к индивидуализации в политике здравоохранения являются направлениями для установления пренатальной диагностики с соблюдением этических норм.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article is aimed at discussing prenatal diagnosis of fetal genetic abnormalities as an important step in the detection and prevention of birth defects and genetic syndromes. The authors show the multi-vector nature of this problem, which requires an integrated approach and the participation of a multidisciplinary team of specialists, such as gynecologists, radiologists, neonatologists, clinical geneticists, and pediatricians. Among the many methods that allow diagnosing congenital genetic pathology, this publication highlights fluorescent hybridization in situ. In comparison with other immunogenetic methods, this technique allows assessing the genetic status of an individual cell and detecting several etiopathogenetically significant abnormal cells among thousands of others with a normal genotype. This is its advantage over PCR, in which the DNA of all cells is mixed and the result is averaged. The article provides indicators for the selection of patients for screening for fetal pathology. Prenatal screening pathways, as nowadays in most countries consist of similar tests. This article is meant to be an introduction into more detailed ethical discussions about prenatal screening. A new approach of prenatal testing (PNT) will be useful given the currently available diagnostic tests. Genetic tests and general trend of individualization in healthcare policies are directions for establishing prenatal diagnosis with consideration of ethical policies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>пренатальная диагностика</kwd><kwd>флуоресцентная гибридизация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>prenatal diagnosis</kwd><kwd>fluorescent hybridization in situ</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zemet R, Van den Veyver IB, Stankiewicz P., Parental mosaicism for apparent de novo genetic variants: Scope, detection, and counseling challenges, Prenat Diagn April 8, 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zemet R, Van den Veyver IB, Stankiewicz P., Parental mosaicism for apparent de novo genetic variants: Scope, detection, and counseling challenges, Prenat Diagn April 8, 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krstić N, Običan SG. Current landscape of prenatal genetic screening and testing. Birth Defects Res. 2020;112(4):321–331.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krstić N, Običan SG. Current landscape of prenatal genetic screening and testing. Birth Defects Res. 2020;112(4):321–331.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nunes CM, Biancolin SE, Brizot ML., Sonographic evaluation of umbilical cord thickness in monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies, Prenat Diagn., April 8, 2022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nunes CM, Biancolin SE, Brizot ML., Sonographic evaluation of umbilical cord thickness in monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies, Prenat Diagn., April 8, 2022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nogueira-Rodrigues A. HPV Vaccination in Latin America: Global Challenges and Feasible Solutions. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2019 Jan; 39: e45-e52</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nogueira-Rodrigues A. HPV Vaccination in Latin America: Global Challenges and Feasible Solutions. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2019 Jan; 39: e45-e52</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramdaney A, Mulligan S, Wagner C., First trimester ultrasound in the age of cell-free DNA screening: What are we missing?, Prenat Diagn MARCH 31, 2022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramdaney A, Mulligan S, Wagner C., First trimester ultrasound in the age of cell-free DNA screening: What are we missing?, Prenat Diagn MARCH 31, 2022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Norton ME, Baer RJ, Wapner RJ. Cell-free DNA vs sequential screening for the detection of fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214(6): 727. e1–e6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Norton ME, Baer RJ, Wapner RJ. Cell-free DNA vs sequential screening for the detection of fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214(6): 727. e1–e6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rukhadze L, Lunet N, Peleteiro B. Cervical cytology use in Portugal: Results from the National Health Survey 2014. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2019 Jul;45(7):1286-1295.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rukhadze L, Lunet N, Peleteiro B. Cervical cytology use in Portugal: Results from the National Health Survey 2014. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2019 Jul;45(7):1286-1295.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agathokleous, M., Chaveeva, P., Poon, L. C., Kosinski, P., &amp; Nicolaides, K. H. (2013). Meta-analysis of second-trimester markers for trisomy 21. Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, 41(3), 247-261.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agathokleous, M., Chaveeva, P., Poon, L. C., Kosinski, P., &amp; Nicolaides, K. H. (2013). Meta-analysis of second-trimester markers for trisomy 21. Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, 41(3), 247-261.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Swailes AL, Hossler CE, Kesterson JP. Pathway to the Papanicolaou smear: The development of cervical cytology in twentieth-century America and implications in the present day. Gynecol Oncol. 2019 Jul;154(1):3-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Swailes AL, Hossler CE, Kesterson JP. Pathway to the Papanicolaou smear: The development of cervical cytology in twentieth-century America and implications in the present day. Gynecol Oncol. 2019 Jul;154(1):3-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hui PW, Pang P., Tang MHY., 20 years review of antenatal diagnosis of haemoglobin Bart's disease and treatment with intrauterine transfusion, Prenat Diagn February 28, 2022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hui PW, Pang P., Tang MHY., 20 years review of antenatal diagnosis of haemoglobin Bart's disease and treatment with intrauterine transfusion, Prenat Diagn February 28, 2022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kong L, Li S, Kong X., Noninvasive prenatal testing of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in a twin gestation, Prenat Diagn., February, 27, 2022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kong L, Li S, Kong X., Noninvasive prenatal testing of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in a twin gestation, Prenat Diagn., February, 27, 2022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bianchi DW, Chudova D, Sehnert AJ, et al. Noninvasive prenatal testing and incidental detection of occult maternal malignancies. JAMA. 2015;314(2):162–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bianchi DW, Chudova D, Sehnert AJ, et al. Noninvasive prenatal testing and incidental detection of occult maternal malignancies. JAMA. 2015;314(2):162–9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mackie FL, Hemming K, Allen S, et al. The accuracy of cell-free fetal DNA-based non-invasive prenatal testing in singleton pregnancies: a systematic review and bivariate meta-analysis. BJOG. 2016;124(1):32–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mackie FL, Hemming K, Allen S, et al. The accuracy of cell-free fetal DNA-based non-invasive prenatal testing in singleton pregnancies: a systematic review and bivariate meta-analysis. BJOG. 2016;124(1):32–46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vora NL, Robinson S, Hardisty EE, et al. The utility of a prerequisite ultrasound at 10–14 weeks in cell free DNA fetal aneuploidy screening. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vora NL, Robinson S, Hardisty EE, et al. The utility of a prerequisite ultrasound at 10–14 weeks in cell free DNA fetal aneuploidy screening. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chetty S, Garabedian MJ, Norton ME. Uptake of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in women following positive aneuploidy screening. Prenat Diagn. 2013; 33: 542–546.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chetty S, Garabedian MJ, Norton ME. Uptake of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in women following positive aneuploidy screening. Prenat Diagn. 2013; 33: 542–546.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yin L, Tang Y, Lu Q, et al. Application value of NIPT for uncommon fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Mol Cytogenet. 2020; 13: 39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yin L, Tang Y, Lu Q, et al. Application value of NIPT for uncommon fetal chromosomal abnormalities. Mol Cytogenet. 2020; 13: 39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wapner RJ, Martin CL, Levy B, et al. Chromosomal microarray versus karyotyping for prenatal diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(23):2175–84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wapner RJ, Martin CL, Levy B, et al. Chromosomal microarray versus karyotyping for prenatal diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(23):2175–84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chrysostomou AC, Stylianou DC, Constantinidou A, Kostrikis LG. Cervical Cancer Screening Programs in Europe: The Transition Towards HPV Vaccination and Population-Based HPV Testing. Viruses. 2018 Dec 19;10(12).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chrysostomou AC, Stylianou DC, Constantinidou A, Kostrikis LG. Cervical Cancer Screening Programs in Europe: The Transition Towards HPV Vaccination and Population-Based HPV Testing. Viruses. 2018 Dec 19;10(12).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dobson LJ, Reiff ES, Little SE, et al. Patient choice and clinical outcomes following positive noninvasive prenatal screening for aneuploidy with cell-free DNA (cfDNA) Prenat Diagn. 2016;36(5):456–62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobson LJ, Reiff ES, Little SE, et al. Patient choice and clinical outcomes following positive noninvasive prenatal screening for aneuploidy with cell-free DNA (cfDNA) Prenat Diagn. 2016;36(5):456–62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evans MI, Krantz DA, Hallahan TW, et al. Impact of nuchal translucency credentialing by the FMF, the NTQR or both on screening distributions and performance. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2012;39(2):181–4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evans MI, Krantz DA, Hallahan TW, et al. Impact of nuchal translucency credentialing by the FMF, the NTQR or both on screening distributions and performance. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2012;39(2):181–4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akolekar, R., Beta, J., Picciarelli, G., Ogilvie, C., &amp; D'Antonio, F. Procedure-related risk of miscarriage following amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, 2015, 45(1), 16-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akolekar, R., Beta, J., Picciarelli, G., Ogilvie, C., &amp; D'Antonio, F. Procedure-related risk of miscarriage following amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound in Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, 2015, 45(1), 16-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baer RJ, Norton ME, Shaw GM, et al. Risk of selected structural abnormalities in infants after increased nuchal translucency measurement. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;211(6): 675. E1–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baer RJ, Norton ME, Shaw GM, et al. Risk of selected structural abnormalities in infants after increased nuchal translucency measurement. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014;211(6): 675. E1–19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frerot A, Baudouin V, Hureaux M., Prenatal bone abnormalities in three cases of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, Prenat Diagn March 18, 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frerot A, Baudouin V, Hureaux M., Prenatal bone abnormalities in three cases of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, Prenat Diagn March 18, 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bowden B, de Souza S, Hillier S., Implementation of non-invasive prenatal testing within a national UK antenatal screening programme: Impact on women's choices, Prenat Diagn March 18, 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bowden B, de Souza S, Hillier S., Implementation of non-invasive prenatal testing within a national UK antenatal screening programme: Impact on women's choices, Prenat Diagn March 18, 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davidson J, Uus A, Rutherford M., Motion corrected fetal body magnetic resonance imaging provides reliable 3D lung volumes in normal and abnormal fetuses, Prenat Diagn March 9, 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davidson J, Uus A, Rutherford M., Motion corrected fetal body magnetic resonance imaging provides reliable 3D lung volumes in normal and abnormal fetuses, Prenat Diagn March 9, 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
