<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medecol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина и экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medicine and ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-6045</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-6053</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Карагандинский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medecol-344</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль генетических полиморфизмов в развитии гестационного сахарного диабета</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of genetic polymorphisms in the development of gestational diabetes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амирханова</surname><given-names>Д. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amirkhanova</surname><given-names>D. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дана Талгатовна Амирханова – к.м.н., ассоциированный профессор кафедры внутренних болезней, контактный телефон: 8-775-281-31-17</p><p>Караганда</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>department of internal diseases</p><p>Karaganda</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">D.Amirhanova@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Серикбаева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Serikbayeva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра внутренних болезней</p><p>Караганда</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>department of internal diseases</p><p>Karaganda</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нильдибаева</surname><given-names>Ф. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nildibayeva</surname><given-names>F. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра внутренних болезней</p><p>Караганда</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>department of internal diseases</p><p>Karaganda</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шерьязданова</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheryazdanova</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра внутренних болезней</p><p>Караганда</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>department of internal diseases</p><p>Karaganda</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тауешева</surname><given-names>З. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tauesheva</surname><given-names>Z. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра внутренних болезней</p><p>Караганда</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>department of internal diseases</p><p>Karaganda</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваль</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koval</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра внутренних болезней</p><p>Караганда</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>department of internal diseases</p><p>Karaganda</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туткушбаева</surname><given-names>З. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tutkushbayeva</surname><given-names>Z. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Караганда</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Karaganda</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Медицинский университет Караганды<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kagarandy Medical University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Областная клиническая больница г. Караганды<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Karaganda regional clinical hospital<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Амирханова Д.Т., Серикбаева А.А., Нильдибаева Ф.У., Шерьязданова Д.Н., Тауешева З.Б., Коваль М.Н., Туткушбаева З.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Амирханова Д.Т., Серикбаева А.А., Нильдибаева Ф.У., Шерьязданова Д.Н., Тауешева З.Б., Коваль М.Н., Туткушбаева З.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Amirkhanova D.T., Serikbayeva A.A., Nildibayeva F.U., Sheryazdanova D.N., Tauesheva Z.B., Koval M.N., Tutkushbayeva Z.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/344">https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/344</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре литературы приведен анализ генетических механизмов развития гестационного сахарного диабета. Предрасположенность к данному заболеванию рассматривается как комбинация функционально неблагоприятных аллелей разных групп генов, для которых установлены полиморфизмы, анализ которых позволит своевременно выявлять женщин с повышенным риском развития гестационного диабета и разрабатывать меры профилактики и лечения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The literature review provides an assessment of gestational diabetes genetic mechanisms. Predisposition to gestational diabetes is identified as a combination of functionally unfavorable alleles of different gene groups, for which polymorphisms have been established. The analysis of gene polymorphism would serve for well-timed identification of women with an increased risk of gestational diabetes and the development of prevention and treatment measures.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гестационный сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>гены</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gestational diabetes</kwd><kwd>genes</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айламазян Э. К. Роль мелатонина в развитии гестационного сахарного диабета / Э. К. Айламазян, И. И Евсюкова., М. И. Ярмолинская // Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. – 2018. – Т. 67, № 1. – С. 85–91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ajlamazyan E. K. Rol’ melatonina v razvitii gestacionnogo saharnogo diabeta / E. K. Ajlamazyan, I. I Evsyukova., M. I. YArmolinskaya // ZHurnal akusherstva i zhenskih boleznej. – 2018. – T. 67, № 1. – S. 85–91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахметова Е. С. Патофизиологические и генетические изменения в организме беременной при гестационном сахарном диабете // Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. – 2017. – Т. 66, №5. – C. 27-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmetova E. S. Patofiziologicheskie i geneticheskie izmeneniya v organizme beremennoj pri gestacionnom saharnom diabete // ZHurnal akusherstva i zhenskih boleznej. – 2017. – T. 66, №5. – C. 27-36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляева И. А. Роль сахарного диабета типа MODY в структуре гестационного сахарного диабета / И. А. Беляева, А. К. Овсянникова, О. Д. Рымар // Доктор.Ру. – 2021, № 11. – С. 68-72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belyaeva I. A. Rol’ saharnogo diabeta tipa MODY v strukture gestacionnogo saharnogo diabeta / I. A. Belyaeva, A. K. Ovsyannikova, O. D. Rymar // Doktor.Ru. – 2021, № 11. – S. 68-72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гестационный сахарный диабет – генетические аспекты / Н. В. Башмакова, Т. Б. Третьякова, О. Б. Фролухина, Е.Г. Дерябина. // Проблемы репродукции. – 2019. – Т. 25, №6. – С. 22-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gestacionnyj saharnyj diabet – geneticheskie aspekty / N. V. Bashmakova, T. B. Tret’yakova, O. B. Froluhina, E.G. Deryabina. // Problemy reprodukcii. – 2019. – T. 25, №6. – S. 22-28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Древаль А. В. Гестационный сахарный диабет (по материалам скринингового исследования в Московской области) / А. В. Древаль, Т. П. Шестакова, И. В. Бунак // Альманах клинической медицины. – 2016. – Т. 44, № 4. – С. 406-413.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dreval’ A. V. Gestacionnyj saharnyj diabet (po materialam skriningovogo issledovaniya v Moskovskoj oblasti) / A. V. Dreval’, T. P. SHestakova, I. V. Bunak // Al’manah klinicheskoj mediciny. – 2016. – V. 44, № 4. – S. 406-413.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мутации в генах ядерных факторов гепатоцитов как редкая причина диабета у беременных / Н. А. Зубкова, Ф. Ф. Бурумкулова, В. А. Петрухин и др. // Сахарный диабет. – 2019. – Т. 22, №3. – С. 274-280.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mutacii v genah yadernyh faktorov gepatocitov kak redkaya prichina diabeta u beremennyh / N. A. Zubkova, F. F. Burumkulova, V. A. Petruhin i dr. // Saharnyj diabet. – 2019. – T. 22, №3. – S. 274-280.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никонова Л. В. Гестационный сахарный диабет: генетические маркеры инсулинорезистентности, диагностические критерии и тактика ведения / Л. В. Никонова, С. В. Тишковский, О. С. Бутрим // Журнал Гродненского государственного медицинского университета. – 2020. – Т.18, №6. – С. 732-738.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikonova L. V. Gestacionnyj saharnyj diabet: geneticheskie markery insulinorezistentnosti, diagnosticheskie kriterii i taktika vedeniya / L. V. Nikonova, S. V. Tishkovskij, O. S. Butrim // ZHurnal Grodnenskogo gosudarstvennogo medicinskogo universiteta. – 2020. – T.18, №6. – S. 732-738.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пакин В. С. Молекулярно-генетические аспекты гестационного сахарного диабета // Проблемы Эндокринологии – 2017. – Т 63, №3. – С. 204-207</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pakin V. S. Molekulyarno-geneticheskie aspekty gestacionnogo saharnogo diabeta // Problemy Endokrinologii – 2017. – T 63, №3. – S. 204-207</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фролухина О. Б. Клинико-генетические основы формирования гестационного сахарного диабета и нарушений углеводного обмена после завершения беременности: автореф. дис. …канд. мед. наук. – Челябинск, 2021. – С. 24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Froluhina O. B. Kliniko-geneticheskie osnovy formirovaniya gestacionnogo saharnogo diabeta i narushenij uglevodnogo obmena posle zaversheniya beremennosti: avtoref. dis. …kand. med. nauk. – CHelyabinsk, 2021. – S. 24. Bai Y. The roles of ADIPOQ rs266729 and MTNR1B rs10830963 polymorphisms in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis/Yu Bai , Lei Tang , Ling Li , Ling Li and al. // Gene. – 2020. – 730:144302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adiponectin gene polymorphisms and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis / L T. Huang, S L. Wu, X. Liao, et al. // World J. Clin Cases. – 2019. – V 7, №5. – P. 572-584.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">10 Adiponectin gene polymorphisms and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis / L T. Huang, S L. Wu, X. Liao, et al. // World J. Clin Cases. – 2019. – V 7, №5. – P. 572-584.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Association of recently identified type 2 diabetes gene variants with Gestational Diabetes in Asian Indian population / S. Kanthimathi, M. Chidambaram, D. Bodhini et al. // Mol. Genet Genomics. – 2017. – V. 292, №3. – P. 585-591.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Association of recently identified type 2 diabetes gene variants with Gestational Diabetes in Asian Indian population / S. Kanthimathi, M. Chidambaram, D. Bodhini et al. // Mol. Genet Genomics. – 2017. – V. 292, №3. – P. 585-59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ethnic differences in prevalence, risk factors, and perinatal outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus: A comparison between immigrant ethnic Chinese women and Australianborn Caucasian women in Australia / C S. Wan, S. Abell, R. Aroni, et al. // J. Diabetes. – 2019. – V. 11, №10. – P. 809-817.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ethnic differences in prevalence, risk factors, and perinatal outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus: A comparison between immigrant ethnic Chinese women and Australian-born Caucasian women in Australia / C S. Wan, S. Abell, R. Aroni, et al. // J. Diabetes. – 2019. – V. 11, №10. – P. 809-817.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose screening for gestational diabetes mellitus / H. Kansu-Celik, A. S. Ozgu-Erdinc, B. Kisa-Karakaya, et al. // East. Mediterr. Health J. – 2019. – V. 25, №4. – P. 282-289.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fasting and post-prandial plasma glucose screening for gestational diabetes mellitus / H. Kansu-Celik, A. S. Ozgu-Erdinc, B. Kisa-Karakaya, et al. // East. Mediterr. Health J. – 2019. – V. 25, №4. – P. 282-289.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene epigenetic modifications in gestational diabetes: new insights and possible pathophysiological connections / M. Franzago, F. Fraticelli, M. Marchioni. et al. // Acta. Diabetol. – 2021. – V. 58, №8. – P. 997-1007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene epigenetic modifications in gestational diabetes: new insights and possible pathophysiological connections / M. Franzago, F. Fraticelli, M. Marchioni. et al. // Acta. Diabetol. – 2021. – V. 58, №8. – P. 997-1007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Genetic susceptibility, lifestyle intervention and glycemic changes among women with prior gestational diabetes / Z. Liang, L. Wang, H. Liu, et al. // Clinical. Nutrition. – 2020. – V .39, №7. – P. 2144-2150</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genetic susceptibility, lifestyle intervention and glycemic changes among women with prior gestational diabetes / Z. Liang, L. Wang, H. Liu, et al. // Clinical. Nutrition. – 2020. – V .39, №7. – P. 2144-2150</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Genetic variants of TCF7L2 gene and its coherence with metabolic parameters in Lithuanian (Kaunas district) women population with previously diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus compared to general population / M. Francaite-Daugeliene, V. Lesauskaite, A. Tamosiunas, et al. // Diabetes Research and Clinical Practic. – Available. – 2020.- http://www.elsevier.com/locate/diabres</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genetic variants of TCF7L2 gene and its coherence with metabolic parameters in Lithuanian (Kaunas district) women population with previously diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus compared to general population / M. Francaite-Daugeliene, V. Lesauskaite, A. Tamosiunas, et al. // Diabetes Research and Clinical Practic. – Available. – 2020.- http://www.elsevier.com/locate/diabres</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gestational diabetes mellitus / A. KautzkyWiller, J. Harreiter, D. Bancher-Todesca D., et al. // Wien Klin. Wochenschr. – 2016. – V. 128, №2. – P. 103-112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gestational diabetes mellitus / A. KautzkyWiller, J. Harreiter, D. Bancher-Todesca D., et al. // Wien Klin. Wochenschr. – 2016. – V. 128, №2. – P. 103-112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Immanuel J. Screening and treatment for early-onset gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis / J. Immanuel, D. Simmons // Curr. Diab. Rep. - 2017. – V .17, №11. – P. 115</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Immanuel J. Screening and treatment for early-onset gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis / J. Immanuel, D. Simmons // Curr. Diab. Rep. - 2017. – V .17, №11. – P. 115</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diabetes Atlas. – Brussels: IDF, 2019. – 8 th., ed. – P. 123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diabetes Atlas. – Brussels: IDF, 2019. – 8 th., ed. – P. 123.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jawad F. Gestational diabetes mellitus in South Asia: Epidemiology / F. Jawad, K. Ejaz. // J. Pak. Med. Assoc. – 2016. – V. 66, №1. – P. 5-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jawad F. Gestational diabetes mellitus in South Asia: Epidemiology / F. Jawad, K. Ejaz. // J. Pak. Med. Assoc. – 2016. – V. 66, №1. – P. 5-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lack of association between IGF2BP2 rs4402960 polymorphism and gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. / J. Liu, Song G, Zhao G, et al. // Biosci Rep.- 2020. – V. 40, №7 BSR20200990.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lack of association between IGF2BP2 rs4402960 polymorphism and gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. / J. Liu, Song G, Zhao G, et al. // Biosci Rep.- 2020. – V. 40, №7 BSR20200990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lawrence R L. Prevalence of gestational diabetes according to commonly used data sources: an observational study. / R L. Lawrence, C R. Wall, F H. Bloomfield // BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. – 2019. – V. 19, №1. – P. 349.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lawrence R L. Prevalence of gestational diabetes according to commonly used data sources: an observational study. / R L. Lawrence, C R. Wall, F H. Bloomfield // BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. – 2019. – V. 19, №1. – P.349.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Molecular Biomarkers for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus / S. Dias, C. Pheiffer, Y. Abrahams, et. al. // Int J. Mol Sci. – 2018. – V. 19, №8. – P. 2926.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molecular Biomarkers for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus / S.Dias, C. Pheiffer, Y. Abrahams, et. al. // Int J. Mol Sci. – 2018. – V. 19, №8. – P. 2926.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Molecular pathways disrupted by gestational diabetes mellitus / C. Nguyen-Ngo, N. Jayabalan, C. Salomon, M. Lappas // J. Mol. Endocrinol. – 2019. – V. 63, №3. – P. 51-72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molecular pathways disrupted by gestational diabetes mellitus / C. Nguyen-Ngo, N. Jayabalan, C. Salomon, M. Lappas // J. Mol. Endocrinol. – 2019. – V. 63, №3. – P. 51-72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Novel Interleukin-10 Gene Polymorphism Is Linked to Gestational Diabetes in Taiwanese Population / J. Kang, C H. Liu, C N Lee, et.al. // Front Genet. – 2019 – V. 18, №10. – P. 89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novel Interleukin-10 Gene Polymorphism Is Linked to Gestational Diabetes in Taiwanese Population / J. Kang, C H. Liu, C N Lee, et.al. // Front Genet. – 2019 – V. 18, №10. – P. 89.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peculiarities of the course of gestation and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus / A. Meiramova , B Ainabekova , G Sadybekova, еt al. // Acta. Endocrinol. – 2018. – V. 14, №2. – P. 213-218.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peculiarities of the course of gestation and pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus / A. Meiramova , B Ainabekova , G Sadybekova, еt al. // Acta. Endocrinol. – 2018. – V. 14, №2. – P. 213-218.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis / KW. Lee, SM. Ching, V. Ramachandran, et al. // BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. – 2018. – V. 18, №1. – P. 494.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis / KW. Lee, SM. Ching, V. Ramachandran, et al. // BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. – 2018. – V. 18, №1. – P. 494.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prevalence of gestational diabetes among Chinese and South Asians: A Canadian populationbased analysis. / R O. Yeung, A. Savu, B. Kinniburgh, et al. // J. Diabetes Complications. – 2017. – V. 31, №3. – P. 529-536.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prevalence of gestational diabetes among Chinese and South Asians: A Canadian populationbased analysis. / R O. Yeung, A. Savu, B. Kinniburgh, et al. // J. Diabetes Complications. – 2017. – V. 31, №3. – P. 529-536.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in mainland China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. / C. Gao, X. Sun, L. Lu, et al // J Diabetes Investig. – 2019.- V.10, №1. – P. 154-162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in mainland China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. / C. Gao, X. Sun, L. Lu, et al // J Diabetes Investig. – 2019.- V, №1. – P. 154-162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polymorphism analysis of the Gly972Arg IRS-1 and Gly1057Asp IRS-2 genes in obese pregnant women / A. Górska, M. Wolek, B. Czerny, et al. // Reproductive Biology. – 2020. – V. 20, №3. – P. 365-370.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polymorphism analysis of the Gly972Arg IRS-1 and Gly1057Asp IRS-2 genes in obese pregnant women / A. Górska, M. Wolek, B. Czerny et al. // Reproductive Biology. – 2020. – V. 20, №3. – P. 365-370.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism modulates the association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus / A Barabash, J D Valerio, N Garcia, et. al. // Metabol. Open. – 2020. – V. 26, № 8. – P. 100069.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism modulates the association between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus / A Barabash, J D Valerio, N Garcia, et. al. // Metabol. Open. – 2020. V. 26, № 8. – P. 100069.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The role of genetics and epigenetics in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus/ J. Rosik, B. Szostak, F. Machaj, et al. // Ann. Hum Genet. – 2020. – V. 84, №2. – P. 114-124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The role of genetics and epigenetics in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus/ J. Rosik, B. Szostak, F. Machaj, et al. // Ann. Hum Genet. 2020. – V. 84, №2. – P. 114-124.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The roles of ADIPOQ rs266729 and MTNR1B rs10830963 polymorphisms in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis / Yu Bai , Lei Tang , Ling Li, et al. // Gene. – 2020. – V. 730:144302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The roles of ADIPOQ rs266729 and MTNR1B rs10830963 polymorphisms in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis / Yu Bai , Lei Tang , Ling Li, et al. // Gene. – 2020. – V. 730:144302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trends in the incidence of diabetes, its clinical sequelae, and associated costs in pregnancу / L. Jovanovič, Y. Liang, W Weng, et al. // Diabetes Metabolism Research and Reviews. – 2015. – V. 31, №7. – P. 707-716.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trends in the incidence of diabetes, its clinical sequelae, and associated costs in pregnancу / L. Jovanovič, Y. Liang, W Weng, et al. // Diabetes Metabolism Research and Reviews. – 2015. – V. 31, №7. – P. 707-716.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuen L. Ethnic Disparities in Gestational Diabetes / L. Yuen, V W. Wong, D. Simmons. // Curr Diab Rep.- 2018. – V. 18, №9. – P. 68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuen L. Ethnic Disparities in Gestational Diabetes / L. Yuen, V W. Wong, D. Simmons. // Curr Diab Rep.- 2018. – V. 18, №9. – P. 68.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
