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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medecol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина и экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medicine and ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-6045</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-6053</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Карагандинский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medecol-248</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МАКРОСКОПИЧЕСКИЕ И МИКРОСКОПИЧЕСКИЕ МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЛАЦЕНТЫ, АССОЦИИРОВАННЫЕ С ПРЕЭКЛАМПСИЕЙ И ХРОНИЧЕСКИМ ГИПОКСИЧЕСКИМ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЕМ ПЛОДА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE PLACENTA ASSOCIATED WITH PREECLAMPSIA AND CHRONIC HYPOXIC DAMAGE OF THE FETUS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухаммад</surname><given-names>И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muhammad</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тусупбекова</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tussupbekova</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быкова</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykova</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Камышанский</surname><given-names>Е. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kamyshanskiy</surname><given-names>Ye. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костылева</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostyleva</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журавлев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuravlyov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косицын</surname><given-names>Д. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kositsyn</surname><given-names>D. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котов</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Медицинский университет Караганды<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Karaganda Medical University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Областная клиническая больница Управления здравоохранения<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Karaganda Regional Clinical Hospital<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мухаммад И., Тусупбекова М.М., Быкова Т.Н., Камышанский Е.К., Костылева О.А., Журавлев С.Н., Косицын Д.Л., Котов Е.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мухаммад И., Тусупбекова М.М., Быкова Т.Н., Камышанский Е.К., Костылева О.А., Журавлев С.Н., Косицын Д.Л., Котов Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Muhammad I., Tussupbekova M.M., Bykova T.N., Kamyshanskiy Y.K., Kostyleva O.A., Zhuravlyov S.N., Kositsyn D.L., Kotov E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/248">https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/248</self-uri><abstract><p>В представленном литературном обзоре проанализированы источники, посвященные распространенности, характеру и тяжести гистопатологических повреждений плаценты при преэклампсии и хроническом гипоксическом повреждении плода.</p><p>Маточно-плацентарная гипоксия может связывать многие эффекты плацентарной дисфункции с неблагоприятными воздействиями на мать и плод, которые возникают при многих осложнениях беременности. Беременность, скомпрометированная материнским воздействием гипоксии, является не только основным фактором риска для задержки роста плода, но и способствует изменениям в плаценте, что может привести к неблагоприятным последствиям для физиологии матери и потомства.</p><p>При анализе доступных литературных источников выявлены различия при описании поражений плаценты между исследованиями по гистопатологическим особенностям плаценты при гипоксическом повреждении плода и преэклампсией с ранним и поздним началом. В большинстве исследований по патологии плаценты и преэклампсии основное внимание уделяется наличию или отсутствию повреждений плаценты в целом, но не исследуется связь между конкретными плацентарными поражениями при преэклампсии и степенью гипоксического повреждения плода. Более подробное исследование морфологических паттернов плаценты при преэклампсии с гипоксическим повреждением плода может предоставить дополнительную информацию о механизмах преэклампсии и критериях постнатальной оценки гипоксического повреждения плода.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Literature sources devoted to the prevalence, nature and severity of histopathological damage to the placenta in preeclampsia and chronic hypoxic damage to the fetus were analyzed. Uteroplacental hypoxia may link many of the effects of placental dysfunction to adverse effects on the mother and fetus that occur with many complications of pregnancy, such as preeclampsia. Pregnancy compromised by maternal exposure to hypoxia is not only a major risk factor for fetal growth retardation, but also contributes to adverse changes in the placenta, which can lead to adverse consequences for the physiology of the mother and offspring. A literature review of the available studies revealed differences in the description of placental lesions between studies on the histopathological features of the placenta in hypoxic fetal injury and preeclampsia with early and late onset. Most studies on placental pathology and preeclampsia focus on the presence or absence of placental lesions in general, but do not investigate the relationship between specific placental lesions in preeclampsia and the degree of hypoxic damage to the fetus. A more detailed study of the morphological patterns of the placenta in preeclampsia with hypoxic damage to the fetus can provide additional information on the mechanisms of preeclampsia and criteria for postnatal assessment of hypoxic damage to the fetus.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>преэклампсия</kwd><kwd>плацента</kwd><kwd>антенатальная гипоксия плода</kwd><kwd>плацентарная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>рост плаценты</kwd><kwd>незрелость ворсин хориона</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>preeclampsia</kwd><kwd>placenta</kwd><kwd>antenatal fetal hypoxia</kwd><kwd>placental insufficiency</kwd><kwd>placental growth</kwd><kwd>immaturity of chorionic villi</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anteby E. Y. Human placental Hofbauer cells express sprout proteins: a possible modulating mechanism of villous branching /E. Y. Anteby, S. 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