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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medecol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина и экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medicine and ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-6045</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-6053</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Карагандинский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.59598/ME-2305-6053-2026-120-3-125-134</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medecol-1382</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Синтез и определение характеристик наночастиц серебра на основе экстракта коры терминалии арджуны: оптимизация технологических параметров с использованием методологии поверхности отклика и оценкой антибактериальной активности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Synthesis and characterization of Terminalia arjuna bark extract-based silver nanoparticles: process parameters optimization using response surface methodology and evaluation of antibacterial activity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каушик</surname><given-names>П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaushik</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>147004, Пенджаб, Патиала, Бхадсон-роуд, 32</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>147004, Punjab, Patiala, Bhadson Road, 32</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">admissions@thapar.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Верма</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Verma</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>2013-10, Уттар-Прадеш, Большая Нойда, Парк знаний III, 32-34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>201310 Uttar Pradesh, Greater Noida, Knowledge Park III, 32-34201310 Uttar Pradesh, Greater Noida, Knowledge Park III, 32-34</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">admission@sharda.ac.in</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рупасмита</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rupasmita</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>2013-10, Уттар-Прадеш, Большая Нойда, Парк знаний III, 32-34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>201310 Uttar Pradesh, Greater Noida, Knowledge Park III, 32-34</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">admission@sharda.ac.in</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мишра</surname><given-names>С. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mishra</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>2013-10, Уттар-Прадеш, Большая Нойда, Парк знаний III, 32-34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>201310 Uttar Pradesh, Greater Noida, Knowledge Park III, 32-34</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">admission@sharda.ac.in</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кумар</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kumar</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мохит Кумар </p><p>2013-10, Уттар-Прадеш, Большая Нойда, Парк знаний III, 32-34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mohit Kumar </p><p>201310 Uttar Pradesh, Greater Noida, Knowledge Park III, 32-34</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mohit.kumar12@sharda.ac.in</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра биотехнологии, Тапарский инженерно-технологический институт</institution><country>Индия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering &amp; Technology</institution><country>India</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра биологических наук, Школа биологических наук и технологий Шарда, Университет Шарда</institution><country>Индия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Life Science, Sharda School of Bioscience &amp; Technology, Sharda University</institution><country>India</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>134</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каушик П., Верма А.К., Рупасмита Р., Мишра С.К., Кумар М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каушик П., Верма А.К., Рупасмита Р., Мишра С.К., Кумар М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kaushik P., Verma A.K., Rupasmita R., Mishra S.K., Kumar M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/1382">https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/1382</self-uri><abstract><p>Наночастицы (NPs), синтезированные с помощью метода зеленого синтеза, в последнее десятилетие стали рассматриваться как экологически чистая и устойчивая стратегия. В этом процессе экстракт коры терминалии арджуны (T. arjuna) действует как восстанавливающий и укупоривающий агент для синтеза наночастиц серебра (AgNPs). Различные биологически активные соединения, такие как сапонины, дубильные вещества и флавоноиды из экстракта коры, играют важную роль в синтезе и стабилизации наночастиц. Появление темно-коричневого цвета в растворе визуально подтверждает образование наночастиц. Кроме того, пик поглощения при длине волны 410 нм подтверждает биосинтез AgNPs. Кроме того, параметры процесса (температура, время перемешивания и концентрация нитрата серебра) для синтеза наночастиц были статистически оптимизированы с помощью методологии поверхности отклика (RSM). Максимальный синтез наночастиц был достигнут при 5 мм нитрата серебра, температуре 80 °C и 40-минутном перемешивании. Сферическая структура AgNPs с диапазоном размеров 10-120 нм и средним размером частиц 36 нм была обнаружена с помощью просвечивающей электронной микроскопии. Кроме того, метод рентгеновской дифракции (XRD) показал кристаллическую природу синтезированных AgNPs. Кроме того, антибактериальный потенциал наночастиц серебра был протестирован против Escherichia coli (E. coli) и Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), которые показали значительные зоны ингибирования, что свидетельствует о возможности использования AgNPs против штаммов, устойчивых к антибиотикам. Это исследование раскрывает способность экстрактов коры T. arjuna к биогенному синтезу AgNPs с высоким антибактериальным потенциалом, которые могут быть использованы в различных биомедицинских целях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by the green synthesis approach have appeared as an environmentally friendly and sustainable strategy in the past decade. In this process, the bark extract of Terminalia arjuna (T. arjuna) functions as a reducing and capping agent for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Different bioactive compounds, such as saponins, tannins, and flavonoids from bark extract, play an essential role in nanoparticle synthesis and stabilization. The appearance of a dark brown color in the solution visually confirms the nanoparticle formation. Furthermore, an absorbance peak at 410 nm wavelength confirms the biosynthesis of AgNPs. Moreover, process parameters (temperature, stirring time, and silver nitrate concentration) for nanoparticle synthesis were statistically optimized by using the response surface methodology (RSM) tool. The maximum synthesis of nanoparticles was achieved at 5 mM silver nitrate, 80° C temperature, and 40 minutes of stirring time. The spherical structure of AgNPs, with a size range of 10-120 nm and an average particle size of 36 nm, was discovered from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Also, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique indicated the crystalline nature of synthesized AgNPs. Moreover, the antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles was tested against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which exhibit significant inhibition zones and advocate using AgNPs against antibiotic-resistant strains. This study reveals the capability of T. arjuna bark extracts in the biogenic synthesis of NPs with high antibacterial potential, which can be employed in different biomedical applications.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>зеленый синтез</kwd><kwd>наночастицы серебра</kwd><kwd>Terminalia arjuna</kwd><kwd>методология поверхности отклика</kwd><kwd>антибактериальная активность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>green synthesis</kwd><kwd>silver nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>terminalia arjuna</kwd><kwd>response surface methodology</kwd><kwd>antibacterial activity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nie P., Zhao Y., Xu H. Synthesis, applications, toxicity and toxicity mechanisms of silver nanoparticles: A review. Ecotoxicol. Environ. 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