medecolМедицина и экологияMedicine and ecology2305-60452305-6053Карагандинский медицинский университет10.59598/ME-2305-6053-2026-118-1-94-102medecol-1315Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНАCLINICAL MEDICINEОсобенности диагностики заболеваний лимфатической системы у детейFeatures of lymphatic system diseases diagnosing in childrenБековаН. С.BekovaN. S.

100008, г. Караганда, ул. Алыкина, 7

100008, Karaganda c., Alalykina str., 7

info@qmu.kzКайырбековаК. К.KairbekovaK. K.

Қарлығаш Қайырбековна Қайырбекова

100008, г. Караганда, ул. Алыкина, 7

Karlygash Kairbekovna Kairbekova

100008, Karaganda c., Alalykina str., 7

karl.111@mail.ruМухаметжановаЗ. Т.MukhamedzhanovaZ. T.

100008, г. Караганда, ул. Алыкина, 7

100008, Karaganda c., Alalykina str., 7

info@qmu.kzКафедра морфологии НАО «Карагандинский медицинский университет»КазахстанDepartment of Morphology, Karaganda Medical University NC JSCKazakhstan2026050720260194102Copyright © Бекова Н.С., Кайырбекова К.К., Мухаметжанова З.Т., 20262026Бекова Н.С., Кайырбекова К.К., Мухаметжанова З.Т.Bekova N.S., Kairbekova K.K., Mukhamedzhanova Z.T.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/1315Цель

Цель. Изучить структурные и патологические изменения лимфатических узлов у детей с учетом их анатомических и физиологических особенностей, а также оценить эффективность инструментальных методов диагностики, применяемых для выявления данных патологических изменений.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. В ходе исследования использованы данные современной медицинской литературы,  результаты  клинических  наблюдений  и  инструментальных  методов  диагностики. Рассмотрены анатомические особенности лимфатических узлов у детей и их патологические изменения. Проведен сравнительный анализ различных инструментальных методов диагностики воспалительных и онкологических заболеваний.

Результаты  и  обсуждение.  Установлено,  что  размер  и  структура  лимфатических  узлов  у детей зависят от их локализации и возраста. Ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ) является наиболее безопасным  и  доступным  методом,  позволяющим  оценить  размер,  форму  и  эхогенность  узлов. Контрастно-усиленное  ультразвуковое  исследование  (КУЗИ)  показало  высокую  эффективность  в дифференциации воспалительных и метастатических изменений. Позитронно-эмиссионная томография в сочетании с магнитно-резонансной томографией (ПЭТ/МРТ) и компьютерной томографией (ПЭТ/КТ) продемонстрировала высокую чувствительность в выявлении злокачественных процессов. В статье также  установлено,  что  компьютерная  томография  (КТ)  и  магнитно-резонансная  томография  (МРТ) играют важную роль в определении структурных изменений лимфатических узлов.

Вывод

Вывод.  Для  раннего  выявления  и  диагностики  патологий  лимфатических  узлов  у  детей рекомендуется использование УЗИ, КТ, МРТ, ПЭТ/КТ и ПЭТ/МРТ. УЗИ является основным методом на этапе первичной диагностики, КТ и МРТ необходимы для уточнения структурных изменений, а ПЭТ/КТ и ПЭТ/МРТ применяются для обнаружения злокачественных процессов.

Aim

Aim. To study the structural and pathological changes in lymph nodes in children, taking into account their anatomical and physiological characteristics, and to assess the effectiveness of instrumental diagnostic methods used to detect these pathological changes.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The study used data from modern medical literature, clinical observations, and instrumental diagnostic methods. The anatomical features of lymph nodes in children and their pathological changes were discussed. A comparative analysis of different instrumental methods for diagnosing inflammatory and oncological diseases was conducted.

Results and discussion

Results and discussion. It was found that the size and structure of lymph nodes in children vary depending on their location and age. Ultrasound (US) is the safest and most accessible method, allowing the assessment of the size, shape, and echogenicity of nodes. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was found to be effective in differentiating between inflammatory and metastatic changes. Positron emission tomography combined with magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) and computed tomography (PET/CT) demonstrated high sensitivity in detecting malignant structures. The study also confirmed the important role of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying structural changes in lymph nodes.

Conclusion

Conclusion. For the early detection and diagnosis of lymph node pathology in children, the use of US, CT, MRI, PET/CT, and PET/MRI is recommended. US is the primary method for initial diagnosis, CT and MRI are essential for determining structural changes, while PET/CT and PET/MRI are used to detect malignant processes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.