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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medecol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина и экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medicine and ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-6045</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-6053</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Карагандинский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.59598/ME-2305-6053-2026-118-1-58-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medecol-1311</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные возможности применения циркулирующей опухолевой ДНК при колоректальном раке</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current status of circulating tumor DNA application in colorectal cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айткулова</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aitkulova</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акбота Айткулова</p><p>010000, г. Астана, пр. Кабанбай батыра, 53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Akbota Aitkulova</p><p>010000, Astana c., Kabanbay Batyr ave., 53</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akbota.aitkulova@nu.edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каденова</surname><given-names>Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadenova</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>010000, г. Астана, пр. Кабанбай батыра, 53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>010000, Astana c., Kabanbay Batyr ave., 53</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nla@nu.edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габдулкайюм</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabdulkayum</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>010000, г. Астана, пр. Кабанбай батыра, 53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>010000, Astana c., Kabanbay Batyr ave., 53</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nla@nu.edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ережепов</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yerezhepov</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>010000, г. Астана, пр. Кабанбай батыра, 53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>010000, Astana c., Kabanbay Batyr ave., 53</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nla@nu.edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахимовa</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhimova</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>010000, г. Астана, пр. Кабанбай батыра, 53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>010000, Astana c., Kabanbay Batyr ave., 53</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nla@nu.edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саматқызы</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samatkyzy</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>010000, г. Астана, пр. Кабанбай батыра, 53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>010000, Astana c., Kabanbay Batyr ave., 53</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nla@nu.edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бегимбетова</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Begimbetova</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>010000, г. Астана, пр. Кабанбай батыра, 53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>010000, Astana c., Kabanbay Batyr ave., 53</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nla@nu.edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Kожамкулов</surname><given-names>У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozhamkulov</surname><given-names>U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>010000, г. Астана, пр. Кабанбай батыра, 53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>010000, Astana c., Kabanbay Batyr ave., 53</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nla@nu.edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Aкильжанова</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akilzhanova</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>010000, г. Астана, пр. Кабанбай батыра, 53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>010000, Astana c., Kabanbay Batyr ave., 53</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nla@nu.edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сарбасов</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarbassov</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>010000, г. Астана, пр. Кабанбай батыра, 53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>010000, Astana c., Kabanbay Batyr ave., 53</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nla@nu.edu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Центр наук о жизни, National Laboratory Astana<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Center for Life sciences, National Laboratory Astana<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Айткулова А., Каденова Т., Габдулкайюм А., Ережепов Д., Рахимовa С., Саматқызы Д., Бегимбетова Д., Kожамкулов У., Aкильжанова А., Сарбасов Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Айткулова А., Каденова Т., Габдулкайюм А., Ережепов Д., Рахимовa С., Саматқызы Д., Бегимбетова Д., Kожамкулов У., Aкильжанова А., Сарбасов Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aitkulova A., Kadenova T., Gabdulkayum A., Yerezhepov D., Rakhimova S., Samatkyzy D., Begimbetova D., Kozhamkulov U., Akilzhanova A., Sarbassov D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/1311">https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/1311</self-uri><abstract><p>Колоректальный рак (КРР) является одним из наиболее распространенных онкологических заболеваний в мире, характеризующимся высокой заболеваемостью и смертностью. С развитием технологий во всем мире активно разрабатываются новые подходы к диагностике и лечению злокачественных опухолей. Разработка и внедрение минимально инвазивных методов диагностики, а также инструментов для раннего выявления заболевания является ключевой задачей современной онкологии. За последнее десятилетие возрос интерес к малоинвазивной технологии жидкостной биопсии, основанной на анализе циркулирующей опухолевой ДНК (ctDNA) в биологических жидкостях. Этот метод, позволяющий оценивать динамику изменений уровня ctDNA, способствует повышению точности диагностики и выбору более эффективных стратегий лечения. Кроме того, ctDNA позволяет своевременно диагностировать минимальную остаточную болезнь (MRD) и предотвратить рецидив заболевания. Современные методы, такие как цифровая ПЦР (dPCR) и секвенирование нового поколения (NGS), обеспечивают быстрое и точное выявление драйверных мутаций. Анализ диагностических и терапевтических исследований при КРР показывает, что ctDNA является наиболее значимым биомаркером. Обнадеживающие данные свидетельствуют о том, что ctDNA может использоваться как перспективный инструмент для скрининга КРР, хотя требуется дальнейшая валидация. Внедрение данного метода в клиническую практику позволит реализовать профилактические и персонализированные подходы к лечению, что в свою очередь может снизить показатели заболеваемости и смертности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common oncological diseases worldwide, characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. With the advancement of modern technologies, new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors are being actively developed across the globe. The development and implementation of minimally invasive diagnostic methods, as well as tools for early disease detection, represent key objectives in contemporary oncology.</p><p>Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in the minimally invasive liquid biopsy technology, which is based on the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in biological ﬂuids. This method, allowing for the assessment of ctDNA level dynamics, contributes to improving diagnostic accuracy and selecting more eﬀective treatment strategies. Moreover, ctDNA enables the timely detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) and the prevention of disease recurrence.</p><p>Modern analytical techniques such as digital PCR (dPCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) ensure rapid and precise detection of driver mutations. Analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic studies in CRC demonstrates that ctDNA is among the most signiﬁcant biomarkers. Promising evidence suggests that ctDNA may serve as a potential tool for CRC screening, although further validation is still required. The implementation of this method into clinical practice will enable preventive and personalized treatment approaches, which, in turn, may reduce disease incidence and mortality rates.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>жидкостная биопсия</kwd><kwd>ctDNA</kwd><kwd>мутации</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>liquid biopsy</kwd><kwd>ctDNA</kwd><kwd>mutations</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This research has been/was/is funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grants IRN AP23489913, BR24992841, BR24993023, BR27199879).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morgan E., Arnold M., Gini A., Lorenzoni V., Cabasag C.J., Laversanne M., Vignat J., Ferlay J., Murphy N., Bray F. 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