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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medecol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина и экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medicine and ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-6045</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-6053</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Карагандинский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.59598/ME-2305-6053-2026-118-1-44-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medecol-1310</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Инклюзивное здравоохранение при нарушениях опорно-двигательного аппарата: глобальные подходы и практика Казахстана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Inclusive healthcare for musculoskeletal disorders: global approaches and practice of Kazakhstan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дихан</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dikhan</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мерекеш Дихан</p><p>050060, г. Алматы, ул. Утепова 19а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Merekesh Dikhan</p><p>050060, Almaty c., Utepova str., 19a</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">merekesbrimzanova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тулебаева</surname><given-names>И. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tulebaeva</surname><given-names>I. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050060, г. Алматы, ул. Утепова 19а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>050060, Almaty c., Utepova str., 19a</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куракбаев</surname><given-names>К. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurakbaev</surname><given-names>K. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050060, г. Алматы, ул. Утепова 19а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>050060, Almaty c., Utepova str., 19a</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бримжанова</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brimzhanova</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>050060, г. Алматы, ул. Утепова 19а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>050060, Almaty c., Utepova str., 19a</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Кафедра общественного здоровья и социальных наук Казахстанского медицинского университета «Высшая  школа общественного здравоохранения»<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Department of Public Health and Social Sciences of the Higher School of Public Health Kazakhstan Medical University<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дихан М., Тулебаева И.К., Куракбаев К.К., Бримжанова М.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дихан М., Тулебаева И.К., Куракбаев К.К., Бримжанова М.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dikhan M., Tulebaeva I.K., Kurakbaev K.K., Brimzhanova M.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/1310">https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/1310</self-uri><abstract><p>Инклюзивное здравоохранение в настоящее время является важным направлением общественного здравоохранения. Нарушения опорно-двигательного аппарата (НОДА/MSD) – это широко распространённые патологии, включающие более 150 заболеваний костей, суставов, мышц и соединительной ткани. В настоящее время НОДА рассматриваются как одно из ключевых направлений общественного здравоохранения, поскольку они снижают трудоспособность и приводят к социально-экономическим потерям.</p><p>Согласно глобальным исследованиям, нарушения опорно-двигательного аппарата широко распространены: в мире с этими заболеваниями живут примерно 1,71 млрд человек, и они составляют до 17% всех лет жизни с инвалидностью; только боль в пояснице (low back pain) встречается у 570 млн человек, поэтому данные патологии в настоящее время являются одной из основных причин инвалидности в мире.</p><p>В Казахстане направление, обозначенное в Концепции развития инклюзивного общества до 2030 года, предусматривает переход от медицинско-социальной модели к социально-правовой модели, то есть рассмотрение людей с инвалидностью как полноценных членов общества и устранение всех барьеров, препятствующих их участию в общественной жизни.</p><p>С целью выявления проблем, связанных с состоянием здоровья людей с нарушениями опорно-двигательного аппарата, и определения исследований, направленных на улучшение качества их жизни, был проведён комплексный поиск в базах научной литературы. В анализ были включены международные и отечественные публикации, в том числе из MEDLINE, Scopus и PubMed, а также статьи из рецензируемых научных журналов.</p><p>В ходе поиска использовались ключевые слова: inclusion, quality of life, people with musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), health factors, determinants, public health, в результате чего было выявлено более 200 публикаций. Глубина поиска охватывала период 2017 – 2025 годов, рассматривались материалы на казахском, русском и английском языках, на основе чего для анализа было отобрано 50 научных статей.</p><p>Таким образом, современные научные данные демонстрируют, что нарушения опорно-двигательного аппарата следует рассматривать не только как клиническую и медицинскую проблему, но и как комплексную задачу системы общественного здравоохранения, требующую социально ориентированных подходов к развитию инклюзивного здравоохранения и улучшению качества жизни данной категории лиц.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Inclusive healthcare is currently an important direction in public health. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are widespread conditions that include more than 150 diseases of bones, joints, muscles, and connective tissues. At present, MSDs are considered one of the key areas of public health, as they reduce working capacity and lead to signiﬁcant socio-economic losses.</p><p>According to global studies, musculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent. Approximately 1.71 billion people worldwide live with these conditions, accounting for up to 17% of all years lived with disability. Low back pain alone aﬀects around 570 million people; therefore, these conditions are currently among the leading causes of disability worldwide.</p><p>The direction outlined in the Concept for the Development of an Inclusive Society until 2030 in Kazakhstan provides for a transition from a medical-social model to a social-rights model. This implies recognizing persons with disabilities as full members of society and eliminating all barriers that hinder their participation in public life.</p><p>In order to identify problems related to the health status of people with musculoskeletal disorders and to determine research aimed at improving their quality of life, a comprehensive literature search was conducted. The analysis included international and national publications from MEDLINE, Scopus and PubMed, as well as articles from peer-reviewed scientiﬁc journals.</p><p>The search used the keywords: inclusion, quality of life, people with musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), health factors, determinants, public health. More than 200 publications were identiﬁed. The search covered the period 2017 – 2025, including materials in Kazakh, Russian, and English. Based on this, 50 scientiﬁc articles were selected for analysis.</p><p>Thus, current scientiﬁc evidence indicates that musculoskeletal disorders should be considered not only as a clinical and medical issue, but also as a complex public health challenge requiring socially oriented approaches to the development of inclusive healthcare and the improvement of quality of life for this population group.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инклюзия</kwd><kwd>качество жизни</kwd><kwd>заболевания опорно-двигательного аппарата/ лица с нарушениями опорно-двигательного аппарата</kwd><kwd>факторы здоровья</kwd><kwd>детерминанты (здоровья)</kwd><kwd>общественное здравоохранение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inclusion</kwd><kwd>quality of life</kwd><kwd>мusculoskeletal diseases/persons with musculoskeletal disorders</kwd><kwd>health factors</kwd><kwd>medicinе</kwd><kwd>determinants</kwd><kwd>public health</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. 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