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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medecol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина и экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medicine and ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-6045</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-6053</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Карагандинский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.59598/ME-2305-6053-2026-118-1-21-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medecol-1307</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пищевые привычки и информированность подростков о рациональном питании</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Eating habits and awareness of teenagers about rational nutrition</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Протасова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Protasova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>100008, Karaganda c., Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Ивановна Рогова</p><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana Ivanovna Rogova</p><p>100008, Karaganda c., Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">S.Rogova@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калишев</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalishev</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>100008, Karaganda c., Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болатова</surname><given-names>Ж. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolatova</surname><given-names>Z. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>100008, Karaganda c., Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нукештаева</surname><given-names>К. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nukeshtayeva</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>100008, Karaganda c., Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жанаева</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhanaeva</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100020, г. Караганда, ул. Зелинского, 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>100020, Karaganda c., Zelinsky str., 23</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dkgsenko_buh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Школа общественного здоровья НАО «Карагандинский медицинский университет»<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">School of Public Health of Karaganda Medical University NC JSC<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">РГУ «Управление санитарно-эпидемиологического контроля района Әлихан Бөкейхан г. Караганды Департамента санитарно-эпидемиологического контроля Карагандинской области КСЭК МЗ РК»<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">RSU «Department of Sanitary and Epidemiological Control of Alikhan Bokeikhan District, Karaganda City, Department of Sanitary and Epidemiological Control of Karaganda Region, KSEC MH RK»<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Протасова М.С., Рогова С.И., Калишев М.Г., Болатова Ж.Е., Нукештаева К.Е., Жанаева А.Б., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Протасова М.С., Рогова С.И., Калишев М.Г., Болатова Ж.Е., Нукештаева К.Е., Жанаева А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Protasova M.S., Rogova S.I., Kalishev M.G., Bolatova Z.E., Nukeshtayeva K.E., Zhanaeva A.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/1307">https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/1307</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Анализ актуальных данных о частоте потребления различных групп пищевых продуктов подростками в возрасте 15-17 лет, а также оценка уровня их информированности о принципах рационального питания и его влияние на здоровье.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ зарубежных и отечественных публикаций из источников, индексируемых в таких базах данных, как eLibrary, CyberLeninka, GoogleScholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library. Ключевые слова при поиске: подростки, рациональное питание, пищевые привычки, сахаросодержащие напитки, гигиена питания, фастфуд, «информированность, гигиеническая оценка. При выборе публикация для включения критериями являлись релевантные исследования за последние 10 лет. В частности, клинические исследования, рандомизированные контролируемые исследования, когортные исследования, систематические обзоры, метаанализы, книги и документы, находящиеся в открытом доступе. Критериями исключения являлись газетные статьи, исследования без статистически подтвержденных выводов.</p><p>Были изучены количественные данные по социально-экономическим и медицинским показателям и качественные данные – результаты анкетирований, опросников и т. д. Переменные (нормы, показатели заболеваемости), касающиеся здоровья подростков, были извлечены из статистических сборников «Здоровье населения Республики Казахстан и деятельность организаций здравоохранения» и нормативных документов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. У подростков 15-17 лет наблюдается дисбаланс рациона (избыток фастфуда, большое потребление жиров и быстрых углеводов, дефицит фруктов, овощей, белковой пищи), а также низкий уровень информированности о принципах здорового питания, что ведет к росту неинфекционной заболеваемости, в частности: ожирения, диабета 2 типа, анемии, патологий опорнодвигательной системы.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Полученные в ходе исследования данные подтверждают актуальность системного мониторинга питания подростков 15-17 лет, особенно в условиях влияния цифровых медиа и снижения контроля родителей. Анализ публикаций показал, что у современных подростков 15-17 лет наблюдается несбалансированное питание и низкая осведомленность по вопросам рационального питания. Школы могут стать начальными точками для внедрения образовательных программ по пищевой грамотности, которые помогут подросткам формировать навыки рационального питания.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To analyze current data on the frequency of consumption of various food groups by adolescents aged 15-17 years, as well as to assess their level of awareness of the principles of healthy eating and its impact on health.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of foreign and domestic publications from sources indexed in databases such as eLibrary, CyberLeninka, GoogleScholar, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Search keywords included: adolescents, healthy eating, eating habits, sweetened beverages, food hygiene, fast food, awareness, and hygiene assessment. The inclusion criteria for publications included relevant studies from the past 10 years, including clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and books and documents in the public domain. Exclusion criteria included newspaper articles and studies without statistically supported conclusions.</p><p>Quantitative data on socioeconomic and medical indicators, as well as qualitative data (results from surveys, questionnaires, etc.), were analyzed. Variables (norms, morbidity rates) related to adolescent health were extracted from statistical data collections «Health of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Activities of Healthcare Organizations» and regulatory documents.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Adolescents aged 15-17 exhibit dietary imbalances (excess fast food, high consumption of fats and fast carbohydrates, and a deﬁciency of fruits, vegetables, and protein foods), as well as low awareness of healthy eating principles. This leads to an increase in non-communicable diseases, in particular: obesity, type 2 diabetes, anemia, and musculoskeletal disorders.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The data obtained during the study conﬁrm the relevance of systematic monitoring of the nutrition of adolescents aged 15-17, especially in the context of the inﬂuence of digital media and declining parental control. A review of published data revealed that today’s 15- to 17-year-old adolescents have unbalanced diets and low awareness of healthy eating. Schools can serve as entry points for implementing food literacy programs to help adolescents develop healthy eating habits.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>подростки 15-17 лет</kwd><kwd>рациональное питание</kwd><kwd>пищевые привычки</kwd><kwd>сахаросодержащие напитки</kwd><kwd>гигиена питания</kwd><kwd>фастфуд</kwd><kwd>информированность</kwd><kwd>гигиеническая оценка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>15-17-year-old adolescents</kwd><kwd>healthy eating</kwd><kwd>eating habits</kwd><kwd>sugar-sweetened beverages</kwd><kwd>food hygiene</kwd><kwd>fast food</kwd><kwd>awareness</kwd><kwd>hygiene assessment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вербах Л.С. 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