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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medecol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина и экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medicine and ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-6045</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-6053</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Карагандинский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.59598/ME-2305-6053-2025-117-4-59-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medecol-1169</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОЛОГИЯ И ГИГИЕНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECOLOGY AND HYGIENE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Синдром перетренированности у спортсменов: диагностика и коррекция</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Overtraining syndrome in athletes: diagnosis and correction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харисова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharissova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра физиологии</p><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Physiology</p><p>100008, Karaganda c., Gogol str., 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миндубаева</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mindubayeva</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фарида Анваровна Миндубаева – кафедра физиологии </p><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Farida Anvarovna Mindubaeva – Department of Physiology</p><p>100008, Karaganda c., Gogol str., 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Mindubaeva@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>156005, г. Кострома, ул. Дзержинского, 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>156005, Kostroma c., Dzerzhinskogo str., 17</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@ksu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">НАО «Карагандинский медицинский университет»<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Karaganda Medical University NC JSC<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Костромской государственный университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Kostroma State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Харисова Н.М., Миндубаева Ф.А., Смирнова Л.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Харисова Н.М., Миндубаева Ф.А., Смирнова Л.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kharissova N.M., Mindubayeva F.A., Smirnova L.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/1169">https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/1169</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью исследования явился комплексный анализ адаптационных реакций кардиореспираторной и психофизиологической систем у юных спортсменов различной специализации. В рамках работы изучены функциональные показатели внешнего дыхания, сердечно-сосудистой активности, когнитивного состояния и уровня тревожности с учётом возраста, соматотипа, спортивного стажа и профиля подготовки.</p><p>Обследованы юноши, занимающиеся мини-футболом, волейболом, плаванием, боксом и легкой атлетикой. Установлено, что спортсмены с многолетним опытом демонстрируют более высокие значения жизненной емкости легких, минутного объема дыхания и вентиляционной мощности, что свидетельствует о сформированной дыхательной адаптации. Психофизиологические тесты выявили достоверные преимущества тренированных участников в развитии памяти, внимания и устойчивости к стрессу (p&lt;0,05).</p><p>Особое внимание в исследовании уделено диагностике и профилактике синдрома перетренированности, проявляющегося через снижение вентиляционной эффективности, вегетативный дисбаланс, эмоциональную нестабильность и признаки функционального истощения. Установлена прямая зависимость функционального состояния кардиореспираторной системы от уровня долговременной адаптации к специфической мышечной деятельности.</p><p>В качестве перспективного направления предложено изучение роли миокинов – биологически активных молекул, синтезируемых мышечной тканью, – как потенциальных маркеров адаптации, восстановления и перетренированности. Их интеграция в диагностические протоколы может повысить точность оценки функционального состояния спортсменов.</p><p> Результаты исследования могут быть использованы в практике спортивной медицины для разработки индивидуализированных программ подготовки, спортивной селекции и мониторинга состояния юных спортсменов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the adaptive responses of the cardiorespiratory and psychophysiological systems in young athletes of various specializations. The research assessed functional indicators of external respiration, cardiovascular activity, cognitive status, and anxiety levels, taking into account age, somatotype, training experience, and sport profile.</p><p>The study involved adolescent males engaged in mini-football, volleyball, swimming, boxing, and track and field. It was found that athletes with long-term training experience demonstrated significantly higher values of vital lung capacity, minute ventilation, and ventilatory power, indicating a well-developed respiratory adaptation. Psychophysiological testing revealed statistically significant advantages in memory, attention, and stress resilience among trained participants (p&lt;0.05).</p><p>Special attention was given to the diagnosis and prevention of overtraining syndrome, which manifests through reduced ventilatory efficiency, autonomic imbalance, emotional instability, and signs of functional exhaustion. A direct relationship was established between the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system and the level of long-term adaptation to specific muscular activity.</p><p>As a promising direction for future research, the study proposes investigating the role of myokines – biologically active molecules synthesized by muscle tissue – as potential markers of adaptation, recovery, and overtraining. Their integration into diagnostic protocols may enhance the accuracy of functional assessments in athletes.</p><p>The findings of this study can be applied in sports medicine to develop individualized training programs, guide athlete selection, and monitor the physiological condition of young athletes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>адаптация</kwd><kwd>дыхательная функция</kwd><kwd>кардиореспираторная система</kwd><kwd>психофизиология</kwd><kwd>перетренированность</kwd><kwd>миокины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adaptation</kwd><kwd>respiratory function</kwd><kwd>cardiorespiratory system</kwd><kwd>psychophysiology</kwd><kwd>overtraining</kwd><kwd>myokines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahmetov I.I., Fedotovskaya, O.N. Current progress in sports genomics. 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