medecolМедицина и экологияMedicine and ecology2305-60452305-6053Карагандинский медицинский университет10.59598/ME-2305-6053-2025-117-4-18-29medecol-1145Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSРоль фермента диаминоксидазы в развитии крапивницы у детейRole of the enzyme diamine oxidase in the development of urticaria in childrenРахимжановаГ. К.RakhimzhanovaG. K.

Гульназ Кизатовна Рахимжановна - Кафедра внутренних болезней

100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40

Gulnaz Kizatovna Rakhimzhanovna - Department of Internal Diseases

100008, Karaganda c., Gogolya str., 40

dr.gulnazk@mail.ruПонамареваО. А.PonamarevaO. A.

Кафедра биомедицины

100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40

Department of Biomedicine

100008, Karaganda c., Gogolya str., 40

info@qmu.kzСексеноваЛ. Ш.SeksenovaL. Sh.

Кафедра внутренних болезней

100008 г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40

Department of Internal Diseases

100008, Karaganda c., Gogolya str., 40

info@qmu.kzКошкарбаеваБ. С.KoshkarbayevaB. S.

Кафедра внутренних болезней

100008 г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40

Department of Internal Diseases

100008, Karaganda c., Gogolya str., 40

info@qmu.kzДедоваО. Ю.DedovaO. Yu.

Кафедра внутренних болезней

100008 г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40

Department of Internal Diseases

100008, Karaganda c., Gogolya str., 40

info@qmu.kzЖаркееваН. Б.ZharkeevaN. B.

Кафедра внутренних болезней

100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40

Department of Internal Diseases

100008, Karaganda c., Gogolya str., 40

dr.gulnazk@mail.ruНАО «Карагандинский медицинский университет»КазахстанKaraganda medical university NC JSCKazakhstan202520012026041829Copyright © Рахимжанова Г.К., Понамарева О.А., Сексенова Л.Ш., Кошкарбаева Б.С., Дедова О.Ю., Жаркеева Н.Б., 20252025Рахимжанова Г.К., Понамарева О.А., Сексенова Л.Ш., Кошкарбаева Б.С., Дедова О.Ю., Жаркеева Н.Б.Rakhimzhanova G.K., Ponamareva O.A., Seksenova L.S., Koshkarbayeva B.S., Dedova O.Y., Zharkeeva N.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/1145

В представленном литературном обзоре приведен анализ роли активности фермента диаминоксидазы при крапивнице у детей. Осуществлен традиционный поиск источников в базах данных PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar на казахском, русском и английском языках, которые находятся в открытом полнотекстовом доступе и содержащие статистически подтвержденные выводы, глубина поиска составил с 1990 по 2024 г. Первичный поиск литературы выявил 413 статьи, в том числе из баз данных PubMed, Google Scholar – 104 статьи, Web of Science – 10 статей, ScienceDirect – 312 статей. В качестве аналитических материалов были отобраны 71 источник. Краткие отчеты, газетные статьи и личные сообщения были исключены из обзора.

В последние время отмечается рост аллергологических заболеваний среди детей. Крапивница, вызываемая пищевыми аллергенами, – наиболее распространенное. Гистамин является одним из важных медиатров крапивницы и относится к биогенным аминам. Употребление пищи, богатой гистамином, могжет вызывать симптомы аллергических реакции. Основным ферментом метаблизма гистамина является диаминоксидаза, которая, в основном, присутствует в эпителиальных клетках кишечника. Измерение сывороточной диаминоксидазы используют в качестве основного диагностического теста, что подтверждается в научных исследованиях. Полезно измерение активности диаминоксидазы в сыворотке при диагностике непереносимости гистамина, хотя в научной литературе сообщаются противоречивые результаты.

Фермент диаминоксидаз дает новые возможности при диагностике крапивницы. В связи с этим более тщательного изучения требует данная проблема в отношении детей, так как именно у них очень сложно распознать данное заболевание и предупредить его дальнейшее развитие.

The review provides an analysis of the role of the activity of the enzyme diamine oxidase in the diagnosis of urticaria in children. The authors conducted a traditional search for sources in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar in Kazakh, Russian and English, which are in open full-text access and contain statistically confirmed conclusions, the search depth was from 1990 to 2024. The initial literature search revealed 413 articles from the PubMed database, Google Scholar 104 articles, Web of Science 10 articles, ScienceDirect 312 articles. Seventy one sources were selected as analytical materials. Summary reports, newspaper articles, and personal messages were excluded from the review.

In recent years, there has been an increase in allergic diseases among children, urticaria is caused by food allergens, is the most common. Histamine is one of the important mediators of urticaria and belongs to biogenic amines. Eating foods rich in histamine can cause symptoms of allergic reactions. The main enzyme of histamine metabolism is diamine oxidase, which is mainly present in intestinal epithelial cells. Measurement of serum diamine oxidase is used as the main diagnostic test and the usefulness of measuring serum diamine oxidase activity in the diagnosis of histamine intolerance has been confirmed in scientific studies, although conflicting results have been reported in scientific literature on the usefulness of measuring diamine oxidase in the diagnosis of histamine intolerance.

The enzyme diamine oxidase provides new opportunities in the diagnosis of urticaria. In this regard, this problem requires more careful study in relation to children, since it is very difficult for them to recognize this disease and prevent its further development.

крапивницабиомаркерферментдиаминоксидазагистаминкожаволдыридетиurticariabiomarkerenzymediamine oxidasehistamineskinblisterschildrenReferencesGreiwe J., Bernstein J.A. Approach to the Patient with Hives. Medical clinics of North America. 2020; 104 (1): 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2019.08.010Greiwe J., Bernstein J.A. Approach to the Patient with Hives. Medical clinics of North America. 2020; 104 (1): 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2019.08.010Giménez-Arnau A.M., Manzanares N., Podder I. Recent updates in urticaria. Medicina clinica. 2023; 161 (10): 435-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2023.06.026Giménez-Arnau A.M., Manzanares N., Podder I. Recent updates in urticaria. Medicina clinica. 2023; 161 (10): 435-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2023.06.026Kolkhir P., Giménez-Arnau A.M., Kulthanan K. Urticaria. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2022; 8 (1): 61. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-022-00389-zKolkhir P., Giménez-Arnau A.M., Kulthanan K. Urticaria. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2022; 8 (1): 61. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-022-00389-zZuberbier T., Abdul Latiff A.H., Abuzakouk M., Aquilina S.The international EAACI/GA²LEN/ EuroGuiDerm/APAAACI guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria. Allergy. 2022; 77 (3): 734-766. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.15090Zuberbier T., Abdul Latiff A.H., Abuzakouk M., Aquilina S.The international EAACI/GA²LEN/ EuroGuiDerm/APAAACI guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria. Allergy. 2022; 77 (3): 734-766. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.15090Caffarelli C., Duse M., Martelli A., Calvani M. Urticaria in childhood. Acta Biomedica. 2020; 91(11): e2020013. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i11-S.10317Caffarelli C., Duse M., Martelli A., Calvani M. Urticaria in childhood. Acta Biomedica. 2020; 91 (11): e2020013. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i11-S.10317Tan Z., Ou Y., Cai W., Zheng Y. Advances in the Clinical Application of Histamine and Diamine Oxidase (DAO) Activity: A Review. Catalysts. 2023; 13 (1): 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13010048Tan Z., Ou Y., Cai W., Zheng Y. Advances in the Clinical Application of Histamine and Diamine Oxidase (DAO) Activity: A Review. Catalysts. 2023; 13 (1): 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13010048Boehm T., Pils S., Gludovacz E., Szoelloesi H. Quantification of human diamine oxidase. Clinical Biochemistry. 2017; 50: 444-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.12.011Boehm T., Pils S., Gludovacz E., Szoelloesi H. Quantification of human diamine oxidase. Clinical Biochemistry. 2017; 50: 444-451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2016.12.011Lessof M.H., Gant V., Hinuma K., Murphy G.M. Recurrent urticaria and reduced diamine oxidase activity. Clinical and experimental allergy. Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1990; 20 (4): 373-376. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02796.xLessof M.H., Gant V., Hinuma K., Murphy G.M. Recurrent urticaria and reduced diamine oxidase activity. Clinical and experimental allergy. Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1990; 20 (4): 373-376. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02796.xSon J.H, Chung B.Y., Kim H.O., Park C.W. A Histamine-Free Diet Is Helpful for Treatment of Adult Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Annals of Dermatology. 2018; 30 (2): 164-172. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2018.30.2.164Son J.H, Chung B.Y., Kim H.O., Park C.W. A Histamine-Free Diet Is Helpful for Treatment of Adult Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Annals of Dermatology. 2018; 30 (2): 164-172. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2018.30.2.164Bhowmik R., Shaharyar M.A., Sarkar A., Mandal A. Immunopathogenesis of urticaria: a clinical perspective on histamine and cytokine involvement. Inflammation research. Journal of the European Histamine Research Society. 2024; 73 (5): 877-896. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-024-01869-6.Bhowmik R., Shaharyar M.A., Sarkar A., Mandal A. Immunopathogenesis of urticaria: a clinical perspective on histamine and cytokine involvement. Inflammation research. Journal of the European Histamine Research Society. 2024; 73 (5): 877- 896. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-024-01869-6.Kulthanan K., Church M.K., Grekowitz E.M., Hawro T. Evidence for histamine release in chronic inducible urticaria – A systematic review. Frontiers in Immunology. 2022; 13: 901851. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.901851Kulthanan K., Church M.K., Grekowitz E.M., Hawro T. Evidence for histamine release in chronic inducible urticaria – A systematic review. Frontiers in Immunology. 2022; 13: 901851. https:// doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.901851Efremova I., Maslennikov R., Medvedev O., Kudryavtseva A. Gut Microbiota and Biomarkers of Intestinal Barrier Damage in Cirrhosis. Microorganisms. 2024; 12 (3): 463. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12030463Efremova I., Maslennikov R., Medvedev O., Kudryavtseva A. Gut Microbiota and Biomarkers of Intestinal Barrier Damage in Cirrhosis. Microorganisms. 2024; 12 (3): 463. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12030463Aghili A., Rezaeian A. Predictive Value of the Serum Diamine Oxidase Level in the Diagnosis of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis. Iranian journal of immunology. 2022; 19 (4): 395-403. https://doi.org/10.22034/IJI.2022.95336.2358Aghili A., Rezaeian A. Predictive Value of the Serum Diamine Oxidase Level in the Diagnosis of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis. Iranian journal of immunology. 2022; 19 (4): 395-403. https://doi.org/10.22034/IJI.2022.95336.2358van Odijk J., Weisheit A., Arvidsson M., Miron N. The Use of DAO as a Marker for Histamine Intolerance: Measurements and Determinants in a Large Random Population-Based Survey. Nutrients. 2023; 15 (13): 2887. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132887van Odijk J., Weisheit A., Arvidsson M., Miron N. The Use of DAO as a Marker for Histamine Intolerance: Measurements and Determinants in a Large Random Population-Based Survey. Nutrients. 2023; 15 (13): 2887. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15132887Mastrorilli C., Caffarelli C., Hoffmann-Sommergruber K. Food allergy and atopic dermatitis: prediction, progression, and prevention. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 2017; 28: 831-840. https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.12831Mastrorilli C., Caffarelli C., HoffmannSommergruber K. Food allergy and atopic dermatitis: prediction, progression, and prevention. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 2017; 28: 831-840. https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.12831Caffarelli C., Garrubba M., Greco C., Mastrorilli C. Asthma and food allergy in children: is there a connection or interaction? Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2016; 4: 34. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2016.00034Caffarelli C., Garrubba M., Greco C., Mastrorilli C. Asthma and food allergy in children: is there a connection or interaction? Frontiers in Pediatrics. 2016; 4: 34. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2016.00034Mastrorilli C., Posa D., Cipriani F., Caffarelli C. Asthma and allergic rhinitis in childhood: what’s new. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 2016; 27: 795-803. https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.12681Mastrorilli C., Posa D., Cipriani F., Caffarelli C. Asthma and allergic rhinitis in childhood: what’s new. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. 2016; 27: 795-803. https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.12681Mastrorilli C., Cardinale F., Giannetti A., Caffarelli C. Pollen-food allergy syndrome: a not so rare disease in childhood. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019; 55 (10): 641. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55100641Mastrorilli C., Cardinale F., Giannetti A., Caffarelli C. Pollen-food allergy syndrome: a not so rare disease in childhood. Medicina (Kaunas). 2019; 55 (10): 641. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55100641Caimmi S., Caimmi D., Bernardini R. Perioperative anaphylaxis: epidemiology. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology. 2011; 24 (3): 21-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/03946320110240S304Caimmi S., Caimmi D., Bernardini R. Perioperative anaphylaxis: epidemiology. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology. 2011; 24 (3): 21-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/03946320110240S304Mastrorilli C., Bernardini R., Liotti L. Chronic urticaria and drug hypersensitivity in children. Acta Biomedica. 2019; 90 (3): 61-65. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v90i3-S.8166Mastrorilli C., Bernardini R., Liotti L. Chronic urticaria and drug hypersensitivity in children. Acta Biomedica. 2019; 90 (3): 61-65. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v90i3-S.8166Franceschini F., Bottau P., Caimmi S. Evaluating children with suspected allergic reactions to vaccines for infectious diseases. Allergy & Asthma Proceedings. 2018; 39: 177-183. https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2018.39.4128Franceschini F., Bottau P., Caimmi S. Evaluating children with suspected allergic reactions to vaccines for infectious diseases. Allergy & Asthma Proceedings. 2018; 39: 177-183. https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2018.39.4128Cho H.J., Cho S.I., Kim H.O., Park C.W. Lack of association of plasma histamine with diamine oxidase in chronic idiopathic urticaria. Annals of Dermatology. 2013; 25 (2): 189-195. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2013.25.2.189Cho H.J., Cho S.I., Kim H.O., Park C.W. Lack of association of plasma histamine with diamine oxidase in chronic idiopathic urticaria. Annals of Dermatology. 2013; 25 (2): 189-195. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2013.25.2.189Comas-Basté O., Sánchez-Pérez S., Veciana-Nogués M.T., Latorre-Moratalla M. Histamine intoler-ance: The current state of the art. Biomolecules. 2020; 10 (8): 1181. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10081181Comas-Basté O., Sánchez-Pérez S., Veciana-Nogués M.T., Latorre-Moratalla M. Histamine intoler-ance: The current state of the art. Biomolecules. 2020; 10 (8): 1181. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10081181Moriguchi T., Takai J. Histamine and histidine decarboxylase: Immunomodulatory functions and regulatory mechanisms. Genes Cells. 2020; 25 (7): 443-449. https://doi.org/10.1111/gtc.12774Moriguchi T., Takai J. Histamine and histidine decarboxylase: Immunomodulatory functions and regulatory mechanisms. Genes Cells. 2020; 25 (7): 443-449. https://doi.org/10.1111/gtc.12774Briguglio M., Dell'Osso B., Panzica G. Dietary Neurotransmitters: A Narrative Review on Current Knowledge. Nutrients. 2018; 10 (5): 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10050591Briguglio M., Dell'Osso B., Panzica G. Dietary Neurotransmitters: A Narrative Review on Current Knowledge. Nutrients. 2018; 10 (5): 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10050591Manzotti G., Breda D., Di Gioacchino M., Burastero S. Serum diamine oxidase activity in patients with histamine intolerance. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology. 2015; 29 (1): 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/0394632015617170Manzotti G., Breda D., Di Gioacchino M., Burastero S. Serum diamine oxidase activity in patients with histamine intolerance. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology. 2015; 29 (1): 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/0394632015617170Dobrzycka M., Kołakowski A., Stefanowicz M., Matulewicz N., Nikołajuk A., Karczewska-Kupczewska M. Inverse Regulation of Serum Osteoprotegerin and B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Concentrations by Free Fatty Acids Elevation in Young Healthy Humans. Nutrients. 2022; 14 (4): 837. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040837Dobrzycka M., Kołakowski A., Stefanowicz M., Matulewicz N., Nikołajuk A., KarczewskaKupczewska M. Inverse Regulation of Serum Osteoprotegerin and B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Concentrations by Free Fatty Acids Elevation in Young Healthy Humans. Nutrients. 2022; 14 (4): 837. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14040837Pfanzagl B., Zevallos V.F., Schuppan D., Pfragner R., Jensen-Jarolim E. Histamine causes influx via T-type voltage-gated calcium channels in an enterochromaffin tumor cell line: Potential therapeutic target in adverse food reactions. American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 2019; 316: 291-303.Pfanzagl B., Zevallos V.F., Schuppan D., Pfragner R., Jensen-Jarolim E. Histamine causes influx via T-type voltage-gated calcium channels in an enterochromaffin tumor cell line: Potential therapeutic target in adverse food reactions. American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. 2019; 316: 291-303.Honzawa Y., Nakase H., Matsuura M., Chiba T. Clinical significance of serum diamine oxidase activity in inflammatory bowel disease: Importance of evaluation of small intestinal permeability. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. 2011; 17: 23-25.Honzawa Y., Nakase H., Matsuura M., Chiba T. Clinical significance of serum diamine oxidase activity in inflammatory bowel disease: Importance of evaluation of small intestinal permeability. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. 2011; 17: 23-25.Schmidt W.U., Sattler J., Hesterberg R., Röher H.D., Zoedler T., Sitter H., Lorenz W. Human intestinal diamine oxidase (DAO) activity in Crohn’s disease: A new marker for disease assessment? Agents Actions. 1990; 30: 267-270.Schmidt W.U., Sattler J., Hesterberg R., Röher H.D., Zoedler T., Sitter H., Lorenz W. Human intestinal diamine oxidase (DAO) activity in Crohn’s disease: A new marker for disease assessment? Agents Actions. 1990; 30: 267-270.Raithel M., Matek M., Baenkler H.W., Jorde W., Hahn E.G. Mucosal histamine content and histamine secretion in Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and allergic enteropathy. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 1995; 108: 127-133.Raithel M., Matek M., Baenkler H.W., Jorde W., Hahn E.G. Mucosal histamine content and histamine secretion in Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and allergic enteropathy. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. 1995; 108: 127-133.Raithel M., Ulrich, P., Hochberger J., Hahn E.G. Measurement of gut diamine oxidase activity. Diamine oxidase as a new biologic marker of colorectal proliferation? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1998; 859: 262-266.Raithel M., Ulrich, P., Hochberger J., Hahn E.G. Measurement of gut diamine oxidase activity. Diamine oxidase as a new biologic marker of colorectal proliferation? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1998; 859: 262-266.Kuefner M.A., Schwelberger H.G., Hahn E.G., Raithel M. Decreased histamine catabolism in the colonic mucosa of patients with colonic adenoma. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2008; 53: 436-442.Kuefner M.A., Schwelberger H.G., Hahn E.G., Raithel M. Decreased histamine catabolism in the colonic mucosa of patients with colonic adenoma. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2008; 53: 436-442.Fukudome I., Kobayashi M., Dabanaka K., Maeda H. Diamine oxidase as a marker of intestinal mucosal injury and the effect of soluble dietary fiber on gastrointestinal tract toxicity after intravenous 5-fluorouracil treatment in rats. Medical Molecular Morphology. 2014; 47: 100-107.Fukudome I., Kobayashi M., Dabanaka K., Maeda H. Diamine oxidase as a marker of intestinal mucosal injury and the effect of soluble dietary fiber on gastrointestinal tract toxicity after intravenous 5-fluorouracil treatment in rats. Medical Molecular Morphology. 2014; 47: 100-107.Miyoshi J., Miyamoto H., Goji T. Serum diamine oxidase activity as a predictor of gastrointestinal toxicity and malnutrition due to anticancer drugs. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2015; 30: 1582-1590.Miyoshi J., Miyamoto H., Goji T. Serum diamine oxidase activity as a predictor of gastrointestinal toxicity and malnutrition due to anticancer drugs. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2015; 30: 1582-1590.Schnedl W. J., Enko D. Histamine Intolerance Originates in the Gut. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (4): 1262. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041262Schnedl W. J., Enko D. Histamine Intolerance Originates in the Gut. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (4): 1262. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041262Shamji M.H., Layhadi J.A., Scadding G.W., Cheung D.K.M. Basophil expression of diamine oxidase: a novel biomarker of allergen immunotherapy response. Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2015; 135 (4): 913-921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.09.049Shamji M.H., Layhadi J.A., Scadding G.W., Cheung D.K.M. Basophil expression of diamine oxidase: a novel biomarker of allergen immunotherapy response. Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2015; 135 (4): 913-921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.09.049Manuyakorn W., Tanpowpong P. Cow milk protein allergy and other common food allergies and intolerances. Paediatrics and international child health. 2019; 39 (1): 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2018.1490099Manuyakorn W., Tanpowpong P. Cow milk protein allergy and other common food allergies and intolerances. Paediatrics and international child health. 2019; 39 (1): 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2018.1490099Schnedl W.J., Schenk M., Michaelis S., Enko D. Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders in Children May Be Associated with Food Intolerance/ Malabsorption. Children (Basel, Switzerland). 2023; 10 (9): 1444. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10091444Schnedl W.J., Schenk M., Michaelis S., Enko D. Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders in Children May Be Associated with Food Intolerance/Malabsorption. Children (Basel, Switzerland). 2023; 10 (9): 1444. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10091444Бурлуцкая А.В., Фирсова В.Н. Синдром непереносимости гистамина у детей. Кубанский научный медицинский вестник. 2017; 4: 185-190.Burluckaja A.V., Firsova V.N. Sindrom neperenosimosti gistamina u detej. Kubanskij nauchnyj medicinskij vestnik. 2017; 4: 185-190.Шрайнер Е.В., Хавкин А.И., Быстрова В.И., Лифшиц Г.И. Недостаточность диаминоксидазы и ее роль в патогенезе заболеваний. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2024; 6: 194-204.Shrajner E.V., Havkin A.I., Bystrova V.I., Lifshic G.I. Nedostatochnost' diaminoksidazy i ee rol' v patogeneze zabolevanij. Jeksperimental'naja i klinicheskaja gastrojenterologija. 2024; 6: 194-204.Kacik J., Wróblewska B., Lewicki S., Zdanowski R. Serum Diamine Oxidase in Pseudoallergy in the Pediatric Population. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2018; 1039: 35- 44. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2017_81Kacik J., Wróblewska B., Lewicki S., Zdanowski R. Serum Diamine Oxidase in Pseudoallergy in the Pediatric Population. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2018; 1039: 35- 44. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2017_81Music E., Korosec P., Silar M., Adamic K. Serum diamine oxidase activity as a diagnostic test for histamine intolerance. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 2013; 125 (9-10): 239-243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-013-0354-yMusic E., Korosec P., Silar M., Adamic K. Serum diamine oxidase activity as a diagnostic test for histamine intolerance. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 2013; 125 (9-10): 239-243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-013-0354-yNazar W., Plata-Nazar K., Sznurkowska K., Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz A. Histamine Intolerance in Children: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (5): 1486. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051486Nazar W., Plata-Nazar K., Sznurkowska K., Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz A. Histamine Intolerance in Children: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (5): 1486. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051486Guida B., De Martino C.D., De Martino S.D., Tritto G. Histamine plasma levels and elimination diet in chronic idiopathic urticaria. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2000; 54 (2): 155-158. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600911Guida B., De Martino C.D., De Martino S.D., Tritto G. Histamine plasma levels and elimination diet in chronic idiopathic urticaria. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2000; 54 (2): 155-158. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600911Lessof M.H., Gant V., Hinuma K., Murphy G.M. Recurrent urticaria and reduced diamine oxidase activity. Clinical & Experimental Allergy. 1990; 20: 373-376. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02796.xLessof M.H., Gant V., Hinuma K., Murphy G.M. Recurrent urticaria and reduced diamine oxidase activity. Clinical & Experimental Allergy. 1990; 20: 373-376. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02796.xJarisch R., Beringer K., Hemmer W. Role of food allergy and food intolerance in recurrent urti caria. Current Problems in Dermatology. 1999); 28: 64-73. https://doi.org/10.1159/000060601Jarisch R., Beringer K., Hemmer W. Role of food allergy and food intolerance in recurrent urticaria. Current Problems in Dermatology. 1999); 28: 64-73. https://doi.org/10.1159/000060601Reese I., Ballmer-Weber B., Beyer K., Fuchs T. German guideline for the management of adverse reactions to ingested histamine: Guideline of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), the German Society for Pediatric Allergology and Environmental Medicine (GPA), the German Association of Allergologists (AeDA), and the Swiss Society for Allergology and Immunology (SGAI). Allergo Journal International. 2017; 26 (2):72-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-017-0011-5Reese I., Ballmer-Weber B., Beyer K., Fuchs T. German guideline for the management of adverse reactions to ingested histamine: Guideline of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI), the German Society for Pediatric Allergology and Environmental Medicine (GPA), the German Association of Allergologists (AeDA), and the Swiss Society for Allergology and Immunology (SGAI). Allergo Journal International. 2017; 26 (2): 72-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-017-0011-5Lackner S., Malcher V., Enko D., Mangge H. Histamine-reduced diet and increase of serum diamine oxidase correlating to diet compliance in histamine intolerance. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2019; 73 (1): 102-104. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0260-5Lackner S., Malcher V., Enko D., Mangge H. Histamine-reduced diet and increase of serum diamine oxidase correlating to diet compliance in histamine intolerance. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2019; 73 (1): 102-104. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0260-5Микрюкова Н.В., Калинина Н.М. Взаимосвязь уровней гистамина, диаминоксидазы и субстанции P в сыворотке крови у пациентов с хронической крапивницей. Медицина экстремальных ситуаций. 2024; 26 (1): 81-85.Mikrjukova N.V., Kalinina N.M. Vzaimosvjaz' urovnej gistamina, diaminoksidazy i substancii P v syvorotke krovi u pacientov s hronicheskoj krapivnicej. Medicina jekstremal'nyh situacij. 2024; 26 (1): 81-85.Tanaka Y., Mizote H., Asakawa T., Kobayashi H. Clinical Significance of Plasma Diamine Oxidase Activity in Pediatric Patients: Influence of Nutritional Therapy and Chemotherapy. Kurume Medical Journal. 2003; 50 (3-4): 131-137. https://doi.org/10.2739/kurumemedj.50.131Tanaka Y., Mizote H., Asakawa T., Kobayashi H. Clinical Significance of Plasma Diamine Oxidase Activity in Pediatric Patients: Influence of Nutritional Thera-py and Chemotherapy. Kurume Medical Journal. 2003; 50 (3-4): 131-137. https://doi.org/10.2739/kurumemedj.50.131Forget P., Grandfils C., Van Cutsem J.L. Dandrifosse G. Diamine Oxidase in Serum and Small Intestinal Biopsy Tissue in Childhood Celiac Disease. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 1986; 5 (3): 379-383. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005176-198605000-00007Forget P., Grandfils C., Van Cutsem J.L. Dandrifosse G. Diamine Oxidase in Serum and Small Intestinal Biopsy Tissue in Childhood Celiac Disease. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 1986; 5 (3): 379-383. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005176-198605000-00007Forget P., Saye Z., Van Cutsem J.L., Dandrifosse G. Serum Diamine Oxidase Activity in Acute Gastroenteritis in Children. Pediatric Research. 1985. 19 (1): 26-28. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198501000-00008Forget P., Saye Z., Van Cutsem J.L., Dandrifosse G. Serum Diamine Oxidase Activity in Acute Gastroenteritis in Children. Pediatric Research. 1985. 19 (1): 26-28. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198501000-00008Toporowska-Kowalska E., Wasowska-Królikowska K., Bodalski J., Fogel A. Diamine oxidase plasma activity and jejunal mucosa integrity in children with protracted diarrhoea. Roczniki Akademii Medycznej w Bialymstoku. 1995; 40 (3): 499-503.Toporowska-Kowalska E., WasowskaKrólikowska K., Bodalski J., Fogel A. Diamine oxidase plasma activity and jejunal mucosa integrity in children with protracted diarrhoea. Roczniki Akademii Medycznej w Bialymstoku. 1995; 40 (3): 499-503.Caffarelli C., Paravati F., El Hachem M., Duse M. Management of chronic urticaria in children: A clinical guideline. Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 2019; 45 (1): 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-019-0695-xCaffarelli C., Paravati F., El Hachem M., Duse M. Management of chronic urticaria in children: A clinical guideline. Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 2019; 45 (1): 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-019-0695-xKelly D. Viral Hepatitis in Children. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2004; 549: 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8993-212Kelly D. Viral Hepatitis in Children. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 2004; 549: 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8993-2_12Rosen M.J., Dhawan A., Saeed S.A. Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children and Adolescents. JAMA Pediatrics. 2015; 169 (11): 1053-1060. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1982Rosen M.J., Dhawan A., Saeed S.A. Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children and Adolescents. JAMA Pediatrics. 2015; 169 (11): 1053-1060. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.1982Ibranji A., Nikolla E., Loloci G., Mingomataj E. A case report on transitory histamine intolerance from strawberry intake in a 15-month-old child with acute gastroenteritis. Clinical and Translational Allergy. 2015; 5: 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-7022-5-S3-P61Ibranji A., Nikolla E., Loloci G., Mingomataj E. A case report on transitory histamine intolerance from strawberry intake in a 15-month-old child with acute gastroenteritis. Clinical and Translational Allergy. 2015; 5: 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-7022-5-S3-P61Hoffmann K.M., Gruber E., Deutschmann A., Jahnel J. Histamine intolerance in children with chronic abdominal pain. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2013; 98 (10): 832-833. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-305024Hoffmann K.M., Gruber E., Deutschmann A., Jahnel J. Histamine intolerance in children with chronic ab-dominal pain. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2013; 98 (10): 832-833. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2013-305024Rosell-Camps A., Zibetti S., Pérez-Esteban G., Vila-Vidal M. Histamine intolerance as a cause of chronic digestive complaints in pediatric patients. Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestiva. 2013; 105 (4): 201-207. https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S1130-01082013000400004Rosell-Camps A., Zibetti S., PérezEsteban G., Vila-Vidal M. Histamine intoler-ance as a cause of chronic digestive complaints in pediatric patients. Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestiva. 2013; 105 (4): 201-207. https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S1130-01082013000400004Cho H.J., Cho S.I., Kim H.O., Park C.W. Lack of association of plasma histamine with diamine oxidase in chronic idiopathic urticaria. Annals of dermatology. 2013; 25 (2): 189-195. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2013.25.2.189Cho H.J., Cho S.I., Kim H.O., Park C.W. Lack of association of plasma histamine with diamine oxidase in chronic idiopathic urticaria. Annals of dermatology. 2013; 25 (2): 189-195. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2013.25.2.189MacDonald B.R., Robertson D.A. Diamine oxidase, urticaria and intestinal oedema. Clinical and experimental allergy: journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1990; 20 (4): 341-342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02791.xMacDonald B.R., Robertson D.A. Diamine oxidase, urticaria and intestinal oedema. Clinical and experimental allergy: journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 1990; 20 (4): 341-342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02791.xManzotti G., Breda D., Di Gioacchino M., Burastero S.E. Serum diamine oxidase activity in patients with histamine intolerance. International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology. 2016; 29 (1): 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/0394632015617170Manzotti G., Breda D., Di Gioacchino M., Burastero S.E. Serum diamine oxidase activity in patients with histamine intolerance. International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology. 2016; 29 (1): 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/0394632015617170Yacoub M.R., Ramirez G.A., Berti A., Mercurio G. Diamine Oxidase Supplementation in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. International archives of allergy and immunology. 2018; 176 (3 -4): 268-271. https://doi.org/10.1159/000488142Yacoub M.R., Ramirez G.A., Berti A., Mercurio G. Diamine Oxidase Supplementation in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. International archives of allergy and immunology. 2018; 176 (3-4): 268-271. https://doi.org/10.1159/000488142Wagner N., Dirk D., Peveling-Oberhag A., Reese I. A popular myth-low-histamine diet improves chronic spontaneous urticaria-fact or fiction? Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2017; 31 (4): 650-655. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.13966Wagner N., Dirk D., Peveling-Oberhag A., Reese I. A popular myth-low-histamine diet improves chronic spontaneous urticaria-fact or fiction? Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2017; 31 (4): 650-655. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.13966Töndury B., Wüthrich B., Schmid-Grendelmeier P., Seifert B. Histamine intolerance: Is the determination of diamine oxidase activity in the serum useful in routine clinical practice? Allergologie. 2008; 31: 350-356. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299052453Töndury B., Wüthrich B., SchmidGrendelmeier P., Seifert B. Histamine intolerance: Is the determination of diamine oxidase activity in the serum useful in routine clinical practice? Allergologie. 2008; 31: 350-356. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299052453Kofler H., Aberer W., Deibl M., Hawranek, T. Diamine oxidase (DAO) serum activity: Not a useful marker for diagnosis of histamine intolerance. Allergologie. 2009; 32: 105-109.Kofler H., Aberer W., Deibl M., Hawranek, T. Diamine oxidase (DAO) serum activity: Not a useful marker for diagnosis of histamine intolerance. Allergologie. 2009; 32: 105-109.Schnoor H.S.J., Mosbech H., Skov P.S., Poulsen L.K. Diamine oxidase determination in serum. Allergo Journal. 2013; 22: 108-111.Schnoor H.S.J., Mosbech H., Skov P.S., Poulsen L.K. Diamine oxidase determination in serum. Allergo Journal. 2013; 22: 108-111.Manzotti G., Breda D., Di Gioacchino M., Burastero S.E. Serum diamine oxidase activity in patients with histamine intolerance. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology. 2016; 29: 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/0394632015617170Manzotti G., Breda D., Di Gioacchino M., Burastero S.E. Serum diamine oxidase activity in patients with histamine intolerance. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology. 2016; 29: 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/0394632015617170Pinzer T.C., Tietz E., Waldmann E., Schink M. Circadian profiling reveals higher histamine plasma levels and lower diamine oxidase serum activities in 24% of patients with suspected histamine intolerance compared to food allergy and controls. Allergy. 2018; 73: 949-957. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13361Pinzer T.C., Tietz E., Waldmann E., Schink M. Circadian profiling reveals higher histamine plasma levels and lower diamine oxidase serum activities in 24% of patients with suspected histamine intolerance compared to food allergy and controls. Allergy. 2018; 73: 949-957. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13361Maintz L., Yu C.-F., Rodríguez E., Baurecht H. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the diamine oxidase gene with diamine oxidase serum activities. European Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 2011; 66: 893-902. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02548.x.Maintz L., Yu C.-F., Rodríguez E., Baurecht H. Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the diamine oxidase gene with diamine oxidase serum activities. European Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 2011; 66: 893-902. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02548.x.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.