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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medecol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина и экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medicine and ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-6045</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-6053</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Карагандинский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.59598/ME-2305-6053-2025-116-3-90-98</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medecol-1042</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Вклад дисрегуляции триптофана и триметиламин-N-оксида в молекулярные механизмы формирования Long COVID-19 в зависимости от КТ-стадии поражения легких</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CONTRIBUTION OF TRYPTOPHAN AND TRIMETHYLAMINE N-OXIDE DYSREGULATION TO THE MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF LONG COVID-19 DEVELOPMENT DEPENDING ON THE CT STAGE OF LUNG INVOLVEMENT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадырова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadyrova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dinara Meiramovna Turebekova – PhD student, Junior Researcher</p><p>100008, Karaganda c., Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туребекова</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turebekova</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Динара Мейрамовна Туребекова – PhD-докторант, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>100008, Karaganda c., Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Dturebekova@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>100008, Karaganda c., Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солянов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solyanov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>100008, Karaganda c., Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательская лаборатория Института наук о жизни НАО «Карагандинский медицинский университет»<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Scientific Research Laboratory of the Institute of Life Sciences of Karaganda Medical University NC JSC<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кадырова И.А., Туребекова Д.М., Марченко А.Б., Солянов Д.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кадырова И.А., Туребекова Д.М., Марченко А.Б., Солянов Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kadyrova I.A., Turebekova D.M., Marchenko A.B., Solyanov D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/1042">https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/1042</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. COVID-19, вызываемый вирусом SARS-CoV-2, характеризуется многообразием клинических проявлений — от бессимптомного течения до критических форм с полиорганной недостаточностью. Одним из ключевых прогностических факторов тяжести заболевания является степень поражения легочной ткани по данным КТ, отражающая выраженность воспалительного и иммунного ответа. У пациентов сохраняются симптомы после острого периода, включая усталость, когнитивные нарушения и миалгии, патогенез которых до конца не изучен. Современные данные указывают на значимую роль метаболических нарушений в развитии Long COVID-19. Показано, что у пациентов с тяжелым течением COVID-19 и более высоким баллом по КТ наблюдается снижение уровня триптофана, активация его катаболизма по кинурениновому пути, а также повышение уровней триметиламин-N-оксида (TMAO), обладающего провоспалительной активностью. Несмотря на многочисленные исследования данных о роли молекул триптофана и триметиламин-N-оксида в патогенезе Long COVID-19 и их связь со степенью тяжести в период острого COVID-19 недостаточно.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучение взаимосвязи между степенью тяжести поражения легких по данным КТ при остром COVID-19 и уровнями триптофана и TMAO у пациентов с Long COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное когортное исследование, которое включало в себя 30 человек. Определение концентрации триптофана и ТМАО в плазме пациентов проводилось с помощью метода высоко эффективной жидкостной хроматографии с масс-селективной масс-спектрометрической детекцией (ВЭЖХ-МС/МС).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. В результате медиана уровня триптофана в группе средней степени тяжести составила 9,62 [8,11; 10,50] мкмоль/л, в группе тяжелой степени тяжести – 4,68 [2,81; 5,05] мкмоль/л соответственно. Медиана уровня ТМАО в группе средней степени тяжести составила 0,57 [0,51; 0,81] мкмоль/л, в группе тяжелой степени тяжести – 1,88 [1,07; 3,08] мкмоль/л.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Были выявлены статистически значимые различия между уровнем триптофана и группами «средней степени» и «тяжелой степени» тяжести поражения легких. Уровень значимости при сравнении концентраций триптофана составил р&lt;0,001. Также были обнаружены статистически значимые различия между уровнем ТМАО и степенями тяжести поражения легких, уровень значимости составил р&lt;0,001.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic to critical forms with multiple organ failure. One of the key prognostic factors of the severity of the disease is the degree of damage to the lung tissue according to CT data, reflecting the severity of the inflammatory and immune response. Patients retain symptoms after the acute period, including fatigue, cognitive impairment, and myalgia, the pathogenesis of which is not fully understood. Current data indicate a significant role of metabolic disorders in the development of Long COVID-19. It has been shown that in patients with severe COVID-19 and higher CT scores, there is a decrease in tryptophan levels, activation of its catabolism via the kynurenine pathway, as well as an increase in trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels, which have proinflammatory activity. Despite numerous studies, there is insufficient data on the role of tryptophan and trimethylamine N-oxide molecules in the pathogenesis of Long COVID-19 and their relationship to severity during acute COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the relationship between the degree of lung damage in acute COVID-19 and tryptophan and TMAO levels in patients with Long COVID-19.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The retrospective cohort study was conducted, which included 30 people. The concentration of tryptophan and TMAO in the patients' plasma was determined using the method of highly efficient liquid chromatography with mass-selective mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-MS/MS).</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. As a result, the median tryptophan level in the moderate group was 9.62 [8.11; 10.50] mcmol/l, in the severe group was 4.68 [2.81; 5.05] mcmol/l, respectively. The median TMAO level in the moderate group was 0.57 [0.51; 0.81] mcmol/l, in the severe group 1.88 [1.07; 3.08] mcmol/l.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Statistically significant differences were found between tryptophan levels and the moderate and severe groups. The significance level when comparing tryptophan concentrations was p=0.000. Statistically significant differences were also found between the level of TMAO and the severity of patients, the significance level was p&lt;0.001. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Long COVID-19</kwd><kwd>степень тяжести</kwd><kwd>молекулярные механизмы</kwd><kwd>цитокиновый шторм</kwd><kwd>триптофан</kwd><kwd>ТМАО</kwd><kwd>КТ легких</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Long COVID-19</kwd><kwd>severity</kwd><kwd>molecular mechanisms</kwd><kwd>cytokine storm</kwd><kwd>tryptophan</kwd><kwd>TMAO</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа была выполнена при финансовой поддержке Комитета науки Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан (грант № AР 27510159).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdallah A.M., Doudin A., Sulaiman T.O. 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