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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medecol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина и экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medicine and ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-6045</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-6053</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Карагандинский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.59598/ME-2305-6053-2025-116-3-74-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medecol-1040</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние малых интерферирующих РНК на экспрессию генов IFN-γ, IL-4, TLR4, TLR7 в мононуклеарных клетках периферической крови у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SMALL INTERFERING RNAs ON THE EXPRESSION OF IFN-γ, IL-4, TLR4, AND TLR7 GENES IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадырова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadyrova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>100008, Karaganda city, Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орынбасар</surname><given-names>А. Ж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orynbassar</surname><given-names>A. Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айнұр Жаркынбекқызы Орынбасар </p><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ainur Zharkynbekkyzy Orynbassar</p><p>100008, Karaganda city, Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ainurorynbassar@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солянов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solyanov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>100008, Karaganda city, Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алина</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alina</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>100008, Karaganda city, Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@qmu.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурзабаев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murzabayev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100000, г. Караганда, ул. Ерубаева, 43</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>100000, Karaganda, Yerubayeva str., 43</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">okb@okbkar.kz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательская лаборатория, НАО «Карагандинский медицинский университет»<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Scientific Research Laboratory, Karaganda Medical University NC JSC<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Кафедра внутренних болезней, НАО «Карагандинский медицинский университет»<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Department of Internal Diseases, Karaganda Medical University NC JSC<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Отделение ревматологии, КГП Областная клиническая больница<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Department of Rheumatology, Regional Clinical Hospital MSE<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кадырова И.А., Орынбасар А.Ж., Солянов Д.А., Алина А.Р., Мурзабаев А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кадырова И.А., Орынбасар А.Ж., Солянов Д.А., Алина А.Р., Мурзабаев А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kadyrova I.A., Orynbassar A.Z., Solyanov D.A., Alina A.R., Murzabayev A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/1040">https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/1040</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определение влияния малых интерферирующих РНК на экспрессию генов иммунного ответа в мононуклеарных клетках периферической крови у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. методом центрифугирования в градиенте плотности были получены мононуклеарные клетки периферической крови у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом. Введение миРНК (Silencer® Pre-designed siRNA, Ambion, by Life Technologies, USA) в мононуклеарные клетки периферической крови осуществлялось методом трансфекции с использованием коммерческих реагентов (липофектамин). Оценка экспрессии генов методом полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени (ΔΔCt, log2 Fold Change) осуществлялась через 48 ч после нокдауна гена. Экспрессия GAPDH оценивалась в качестве эндогенного контроля. Статистическая обработка включала в себя непараметрический U-критерий Манна – Уитни (p=0,05).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Результаты показали, что проведенная трансфекция полученных мононуклеарных клеток из периферической крови специфическими миРНК, направленными на гены INF-γ, IL-4, TLR4 и TLR7, снизила экспрессию TLR4 на 43,9% (p-value=0.0286), экспрессию TLR7 – на 38,4% (p-value=0.0211).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Проведенное исследование подтвердило релевантность использования мононуклеарных клетках периферической крови как in vitro модели для изучения молекулярных механизмов, показав возможность воспроизведения особенностей иммунного ответа.  Успешная трансфекция целевых миРНК, направленных на ключевые гены, продемонстрировала высокую точность и эффективность выбранного метода и привело к значительному снижению экспрессии.</p><p>Особенное внимание стоит уделить выявленной способности миРНК к эффективному подавлению экспрессии TLR4 и TLR7, это демонстрирует как работу самих миРНК, так и сам факт того, что исследуемые мишени чувствительны к сайленсингу. Снижение мРНК на этапе после транскрипции, имеет фундаментальное значение, выявляя TLR-рецепторы перспективными кандидатами для молекулярного вмешательства.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To determine the effect of small interfering RNAs on the expression of immune response genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Small interfering RNAs were introduced into peripheral blood mononuclear cells via transfection using commercial reagents (Lipofectamine). Gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR (ΔΔCt, log₂ Fold Change) 48 hours after gene knockdown. GAPDH expression was used as an endogenous control. Statistical analysis included the nonparametric Mann – Whitney U test (p = 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Transfection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with specific small interfering RNAs targeting IFN-γ, IL-4, TLR4, and TLR7 resulted in 43,9% decrease in TLR4 expression (p=0.0286) and 38.4% decrease in TLR7 expression (p=0.0211).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The study confirmed the relevance of peripheral blood mononuclear cells using as an in vitro model for investigating molecular mechanisms, demonstrating their ability to reproduce features of the immune response. Successful transfection of target small interfering RNAs against key genes showed high precision and efficiency of the chosen method and led to a significant reduction in gene expression. Particular attention should be paid to the identified ability of small interfering RNAs to effectively suppress TLR4 and TLR7 expression, which demonstrates both the functionality of the small interfering RNAs and the susceptibility of these targets to silencing. Post-transcriptional reduction of mRNA levels is of fundamental importance, indicating that toll-like receptors are promising candidates for molecular intervention.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd><kwd>трансфекция</kwd><kwd>миРНК</kwd><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>ген IFN-γ</kwd><kwd>ген IL-4</kwd><kwd>ген TLR4</kwd><kwd>ген TLR7</kwd><kwd>PBMC</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>transfection</kwd><kwd>siRNAs</kwd><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>IFN-γ gene</kwd><kwd>IL-4 gene</kwd><kwd>TLR4 gene</kwd><kwd>TLR7 gene</kwd><kwd>PBMC</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arthritis statistics 2025. https://www.singlecare.com/blog/news/arthritis-statistics/#arthritis-and-overallhealth (дата обращения: 05.02.2025)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arthritis statistics 2025. https://www.singlecare.com/blog/news/arthritis-statistics/#arthritis-and-overallhealth (дата обращения: 05.02.2025)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. 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