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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">medecol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина и экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medicine and ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2305-6045</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2305-6053</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Карагандинский медицинский университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.59598/ME-2305-6053-2025-115-2-128-136</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">medecol-1004</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка динамики экспрессии генов MecA и YycFG у метициллинрезистентного золотистого стафилококка (MRSA) при влиянии фенольных соединений, борнеола и экстракта, выделенного из шалфея степного (Salvia stepposa Des.-Shost)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EVALUATION OF MECA AND YYCFG GENE EXPRESSION DYNAMICS IN METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, BORNEOL AND EXTRACT OF SALVIA STEPPE (SALVIA STEPPOSA DES.-SHOST)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадырова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadyrova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>100008, Karaganda city, Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакенова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakenova</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>100008, Karaganda city, Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лавриненко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrinenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>100008, Karaganda city, Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беляев</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyaev</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>100008, Karaganda city, Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атажанова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Atazhanova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>100008, Karaganda city, Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левая</surname><given-names>Я. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levaya</surname><given-names>Y. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>100008, г. Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>100008, Karaganda city, Gogolya str., 40</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательская лаборатория НАО «Карагандинский медицинский университет»<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Scientific Research Laboratory, Karaganda medical university NC JSC<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Школа фармации НАО «Карагандинский медицинский университет»<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">School of Pharmacy, Karaganda medical university NC JSC<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>128</fpage><lpage>136</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кадырова И.А., Бакенова А.Д., Лавриненко А.В., Беляев И.А., Атажанова Г.А., Левая Я.К., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кадырова И.А., Бакенова А.Д., Лавриненко А.В., Беляев И.А., Атажанова Г.А., Левая Я.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kadyrova I.A., Bakenova A.D., Lavrinenko A.V., Belyaev I.A., Atazhanova G.A., Levaya Y.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/1004">https://medecol.qmu.kz/jour/article/view/1004</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Staphylococcus aureus демонстрирует достаточный адаптивный потенциал в условиях внешнего стресса, что может обусловливать его ключевую роль в этиологии внутрибольничных инфекций. Наблюдаемый экспоненциальный рост штаммов с множественной антибиотикорезистентностью за последние десятилетия свидетельствует о том, что механизмы адаптации способствуют выживанию и распространению S. aureus в условиях интенсивного госпитального воздействия антимикробных средств. Такой феномен существенно осложняет клиническое лечение инфекций и представляет серьезную угрозу для системы здравоохранения. Несмотря на активное изучение изменений в активности генов, связанных с антибиотикорезистентностью в разных стрессовых условиях, роль фенольных соединений в регуляции экспрессии генов у MRSA исследована недостаточно. В частности, практически отсутствуют данные о влиянии фенольных соединений и борнеола на экспрессию генов MecA и YycFG, что определяет актуальность данной работы.Цель. Оценка динамики экспрессии генов MecA и YycFG у метициллинрезистентного золотистого стафилококка (MRSA) при влиянии фенольных соединений (розмариновая, хлорогеновая и феруловая кислоты), борнеола и экстракта листьев шалфея степногоМатериалы и методы. Микрометодом серийных разведений были определены минимальные подавляющие концентрации исследуемых соединений. Для оценки влияния исследуемых соединений суточные культуры MRSA дополнительно инкубировалась с исследуемыми соединениями в субингибиторных концентрациях (1/2 МПК) 4 ч. Изменения экспрессии MecA и YycFG анализировали методом количественной ПЦР (ΔΔCt, log2 Fold Change). Экспрессию GyrB оценивали в качестве эндогенного контроля. Статистическая обработка включала в себя критерии Крускала – Уоллиса, Вилкоксона и Манна – Уитни (p=0,05).Результаты и обсуждение. Фенольные соединения, борнеол и экстракт листьев шалфея степного снижали экспрессию MecA в 2,17 – 5 раз (р=0,043) и повышали YycFG в 1,84 – 2,45 раза (р=0,043). Наибольшую активность в отношении MecA проявили розмариновая и хлорогеновая кислоты.Выводы. Хлорогеновая и розмариновая кислоты обладают значительным потенциалом для подавления экспрессии MecA у MRSA. Розмариновая кислота уменьшает экспрессию MecA в 5 раз, хлорогеновая кислота – в 4 раза. Результаты позволяют рассматривать изучаемые соединения в качестве многообещающих кандидатов для разработки новых антимикробных препаратов или адъювантов, усиливающих действие антибиотиков. В дальнейшем синергетическое сочетание розмариновой и хлорогеновой кислот с β-лактамами может стать эффективным инструментом для преодоления устойчивости MRSA. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Staphylococcus aureus demonstrates sufficient adaptive potential under external stress conditions, which may determine its key role in the etiology of hospital-acquired infections. The observed exponential growth of strains with multiple antibiotic resistance over the past decades indicates that adaptation mechanisms contribute to the survival and spread of S. aureus under conditions of intensive hospital exposure to antimicrobial agents. This phenomenon significantly complicates the clinical treatment of infections and poses a serious threat to the healthcare system. Despite the active study of changes in the activity of genes associated with antibiotic resistance under various stress conditions, the role of phenolic compounds in the regulation of gene expression in MRSA has been insufficiently studied. In particular, there are practically no data on the effect of phenolic compounds and borneol on the expression of the MecA and YycFG genes, which determines the relevance of this work.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate the dynamics of MecA and YycFG gene expression in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) under the influence of phenolic compounds (rosmarinic, chlorogenic and ferulic acids), borneol and Salvia Stepposa Des. -Shost leaf extract.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The MICs of the studied compounds were determined using the serial dilution micromethod. To evaluate the effect of the studied compounds, daily MRSA cultures were additionally incubated with the studied compounds at subinhibitory concentrations (1/2 MIC) for 4 hours. Changes in MecA and YycFG expression were analyzed by quantitative PCR (ΔΔCt, log2 Fold Change). GyrB expression was assessed as an endogenous control. Statistical processing included the Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests (p=0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The results showed that phenolic compounds, borneol and Salvia stepposa leaf extract reduced MecA expression by 2.17-5 times (p=0.043) and increased YycFG by 1.84-2.45 times (p=0.043). Rosmarinic and chlorogenic acids showed the greatest activity towards MecA.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Chlorogenic and rosmarinic acids have significant potential to suppress MecA expression in MRSA. Rosmarinic acid reduces MecA expression by 5 times, chlorogenic acid by 4 times. These results allow us to consider the studied compounds as promising candidates for the development of new antimicrobial drugs or adjuvants that enhance the effect of antibiotics. In the future, the synergistic combination of rosmarinic and chlorogenic acids with β-lactams may become an effective tool for overcoming MRSA resistance.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>MRSA</kwd><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd><kwd>кПЦР</kwd><kwd>ген MecA</kwd><kwd>ген YycFG</kwd><kwd>фенольные соединения</kwd><kwd>борнеол</kwd><kwd>экстракт шалфея степного</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>MRSA</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>qPCR</kwd><kwd>MecA gene</kwd><kwd>YycFG gene</kwd><kwd>phenolic compounds</kwd><kwd>borneol</kwd><kwd>Salvia Stepposa extract</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванов Ф.В., Гумилевский Б.Ю. Микробиологический мониторинг инфекции, связанной с оказанием медицинской помощи. 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